Science Flash Cards Mineral

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Mineral

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a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.

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Rock

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the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans.

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Nonrenewable

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(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in finite quantity; not capable of being replenished.

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Luster

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a gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface.

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Metallic

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of, relating to, or resembling metal or metals

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Streak

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The powdered color of a mineral

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Nonmetallic

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a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes.

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Hardness

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Streak test is used to determine the hardness of a mineral, or how strong the mineral can withstand

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Cleavage

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The mineral breaks in a predictable pattern

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Fracture

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The mineral that does not break in a predictable pattern

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Moh's hardness scale

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A list of 10 minerals from softest to hardest

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abrasive

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any material that us used for grinding/polishing

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Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron

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a silicon atom with 4 surrounding oxygen atoms arranged to define the corners of a Tetrahendon

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magma

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hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust

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lava

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hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure

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intrusive igneous rocks

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type of igneous rock that is from cooled magma that crystallizes beneath the earth's surface

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extrusive igneous rocks

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magma reaches the earth's surface a volcano and cools quickly

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sedimentary rock

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Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution.

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sediment

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Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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organic

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The definition of organic is natural matter or compounds with a carbon base, and also refers to food and meat grown or raised without chemicals or pesticides. Natural plant matter is an example of something that would be described as organic.

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bioclastic sedimentary rock

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Bioclastic rock, Kentucky Geological Survey. KGS Home > Industrial Minerals. Bioclastic rock: A sedimentary rock consisting of fragmental or broken remains of organisms, such as a limestone composed of shell fragments.

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crystalline sedimentary rock

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In geology, basement and crystalline basement are the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover, or more generally any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin.

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evaporate

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turn from liquid into vapor

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rock cycle

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the ongoing process of changing from one rock to another

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solidification

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process of turning magma cooling and hardening into igneous rock

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metamorphism

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process of rock becoming metamorphic when put under extreme heat and/or pressure

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weathering and erosion

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the process of breaking apart a rock into smaller pieces

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compaction and cementation

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the process of pushing a gluing sediments together to make a sedimentary rock