Science Flash Cards

Front 1

Science Investigation

Back 1

Forming and testing ideas

Front 2

Science Inquiry- List Step

Back 2

1) Ask a question and define a problem

2) Develop a hypothesis

3) Design an experiment

4) Record and analyze

5) Repeat the experiment

6) Draw conclusion

7) Communicate your results

Front 3

Dependent Variable

Back 3

The factor that may change in response to the independent variable (result)

Front 4

Independent Variable

Back 4

That factor that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis (we control)

Front 5

Experimental Bias

Back 5

An error in the design of the experiment

Front 6

Hypothesis

Back 6

An idea that may be formed from evidence but has not yet been confirmed by evidence

Front 7

Accuracy

Back 7

The closeness of a measurement to its true value

Front 8

Precision

Back 8

Refers to how close a group of measurements are to each other (multiple trials)

Front 9

Mean

Back 9

The numerical average in an ordered set of data

Front 10

Median

Back 10

Tthe middle number in an ordered set of data

Front 11

Mode

Back 11

The number that appears most often in a list of number

Front 12

Range

Back 12

The difference between the greatest value in the set and the least

Front 13

Purpose of Graphs

Back 13

To identify trends, make predictions, and recognize inconsistent data

Front 14

Element

Back 14

A part or aspect of something abstract

Front 15

Atom

Back 15

The smallest particles that can still be considered as elements

Front 16

Strength of Attraction on Bonds

Back 16

What holds them together, if there are 8 valence electrons there is more stability

Front 17

Periodic Table - groups and periods

Back 17

In the modern periodic table, elements ar arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev made this.

There are 18 across, 7 down and Lanthanides and Actinides

Front 18

Subatomic Particles - name them (3)

Back 18

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Front 19

Proton -

Back 19

Symbol:n Neutral particles (no charge) All neutrons are identical. Slightly more mass than protons but still considered to be 1 atomic mass unit

Front 20

Neutron -

Back 20

Symbol: n__Neutral particles (no charge). All neutrons are identical. Slightly more mass than protons but still considered to be 1 atomic mass unit

Front 21

Electrons

Back 21

Symbol: e-___Negativily charged. Mass= .0006amu___In an uncharged (neutral) atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons (charge of atom is 0). Electrons move around the nucleus in an electron cloud

Front 22

Valence Electrons

Back 22

the highest energy level of an atom

Front 23

Covalent Bonds

Back 23

Bonding in which electrons are shared rather than transferred

Front 24

Ionic

Back 24

A transfer of electrons and the other atom loses electrons.

Occurs between metals and nonmetals.

The atom that has gained electrons as gained a negative charge.

The atom that has lost electrons as gained a positive charge

Front 25

Molecule

Back 25

A neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Front 26

Chemical Change

Back 26

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances. The atoms rearrange to form new substances

Ex) burning and rusting

Front 27

Physical Change

Back 27

Any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not change into another substance

Front 28

Chemical Equation

Back 28

A way to showing a chemical reaction, using symbols and formulas

Front 29

Balance Chemical Equation

Back 29

Write equation, Count atoms, Use coefficient to balance atoms, and Look back and check

Front 30

Law of Conservation

Back 30

Atoms can be neither created destroyed during a chemical reaction

Front 31

Levels of Classification - in order

Back 31

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Family

8. Genus

9. Species

Front 32

Charles Darwin

Back 32

He proposed that changes over time occur by means of natural selection - induvial that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce more than other members of the same species

Front 33

Theory of Evolution

Back 33

Change over time

Front 34

Gradualism

Back 34

Patterns of evolution characterized by the slow and steady accumulation of small genetic changes over a long periods of time

Front 35

Punctuated Equilibrium

Back 35

A trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce

Front 36

Sexual Reproduction

Back 36

A reproductive process that involves to parents that combine their materials to produce a new organism which differ from both parents

Front 37

Asexual Reproduction

Back 37

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically

Front 38

Selective Breeding

Back 38

A method of breeding that allows only those organisms with the desire to produce the next generation

Front 39

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Back 39

They discovered that sex cells have exactly half the number of chromosomes found in body cells

Front 40

Grego Mendel - who and know experiments

Back 40

Austrian priest in the mid-800s.

"Father of Modern Genetics"

Tended a garden at his monastery where he studied the different character of pea plants. He studies with thousands of pea plants

He was the founder of modern science of genetics

Front 41

Mitosis

Back 41

Cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei

One set of DNA I distributed into each new "Daughter Cell"

Mitosis is divided into 4 phases

Front 42

Meiosis

Back 42

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Front 43

Acquired Traits

Back 43

Skills you have to learn

Front 44

Inherited Traits

Back 44

Characteristics that are given to you by your parents through genes

Front 45

Punnett Squares - complete and interpret

Back 45

A chart that shows all the possible way alleles can combine a genetic process

Front 46

Water Cycle

Back 46

Ocean_Evaperation_COndensing_CLoudn FOrmation_rains_surface runoff

Front 47

Evaporation

Back 47

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas

Front 48

Transpiration

Back 48

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas

Front 49

Condensation

Back 49

A change in state that forms a gas to a liquid

Front 50

Precipitation

Back 50

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches the earth's surface as rain, snow, or hail

Front 51

Ocean Currents and Climate

Back 51

As a continues directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting openly such as breaking waves and the wind.

The average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area

Front 52

Layers of Atmosphere- listed and how are they classified

Back 52

- Troposphere

- Stratosphere

- Mesosphere

- Thermosphere

They are classified by their temperature

Front 53

Convection Currents

Back 53

The movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another

Front 54

Clear Cutting

Back 54

The process of cutting down all the trees in area of inhabitances

Front 55

Selective Cutting

Back 55

The process of cutting down all the trees in an area of inhabitance

Front 56

Population Growth

Back 56

The growing of people by improvements in medicine, agriculture, and waste disposial

Front 57

Pollution

Back 57

The combination of earth's land, water, or air

Front 58

Recycling

Back 58

The process of reclaiming and reusing raw materials

Front 59

Global Warming

Back 59

A gradual increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere, thought to be caused by the increase by greenhouse gases from human activities