Science Final Exam Ch. 3 What Is A Mineral?

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Mineral

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a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties

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Element

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a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number

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Atom

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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element

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Compound

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a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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Crystal

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a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

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Silicate minerals

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a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and that may also contain one or more metals

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Non-silicate minerals

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a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

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Luster

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the way in which a mineral reflects light

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Streak

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the color of a mineral in powdered form

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Cleavage

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in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

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Fracture

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in geology, a break in a rock, which results from stress, with or without displacement, including cracks, joints, and faults; also the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces

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Hardness

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a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

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Moh’s Hardness Scale

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a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

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Identify the softest and the hardest minerals on the Moh’s Hardness Scale

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1- Talc
10- Diamond