Science Final All Topics

Front 1

Efficiency [in relation to energy]

Back 1

How useful a product is

When the energy input is equal to the output

Front 2

Energy Transfer

Back 2

The transferring of energy between two different mediums, but remains in the same form

Front 3

Energy Transfer [example]

Back 3

Pouring boiling water into a mug, and having the mug become warm

Front 4

Energy Transformation

Back 4

The transfer of energy into different forms

Front 5

Energy Transformation [example]

Back 5

A blow dryer transforms electrical energy into kinetic and thermal energy

Front 6

Conduction [define]

Back 6

When matter heats up the particles start to move more quickly. The fast moving particles bump into neighboring particles, in turn making them move quickly and making the matter heat up.

Front 7

Conduction [example]

Back 7

A frying pan set over an open camp stove. The fire's heat causes molecules in the pan to vibrate faster, making it hotter.

Front 8

Convection [define]

Back 8

The heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.

Front 9

Convection [example]

Back 9

A heater that produces hot air makes hot air particles rise to the top, and as it cools it falls to the bottom, creating a cycle.

Front 10

Radiation [define]

Back 10

Radiantheat travels very quickly because it does not rely on the movement of particlesto move energy from one place to another.

Front 11

Radiation [example]

Back 11

Placing the hand near the base of globe makes someone feel the heat from the globe instantly.

Front 12

Transfer of Heat [in relation to the particle theory]

Back 12

When matter is heated the particles start to move quickly and further apart.This makes the matter less dense. In liquids and gases the less dense matter is able to move upwards. As matter cools the particles fallsdown and move close together

Front 13

Efficiency of energy [formula]

Back 13

Energy output 100

--------------------- X

Input

Front 14

Products of Combustion

Back 14

Carbon Dioxide + Water

Front 15

How to Improve Accuracy

Back 15

Precision - using correct measuring tools

Front 16

How to Improve Reliability

Back 16

Consistency - Repeating experiment to ensure the results are consistant

Front 17

How to Improve Validity

Back 17

Fairness - Ensuring the Controlled variable was actually controlled

Front 18

Distance

Back 18

Total journey traveled

Front 19

Displacement

Back 19

Shortest distance between points

Front 20

Distance Formula

Back 20

D= S

---

T

Front 21

Acceleration Formula

Back 21

A= Change in speed, direction, both

------------------------------------------------

Time Taken (m/s^2)

Front 22

Inertia

Back 22

The tendency to resist change when acted upon by force

Front 23

State the Law of Inertia

Back 23

An object in motion will stay in motion, continuing at a constant speed, unless acting upon by an unbalanced force

Front 24

Newtons Second Law

Back 24

F=ma

Front 25

Newtons Third Law

Back 25

For every action action there is an equal and opposite reactions

Front 26

Identify 2 Safety Features in a Car

Back 26

- seat belts

- crumple zones

Front 27

Structure of DNA

Back 27

A double Helix

Takes shape of a twisted ladder

Front 28

Genes

Back 28

A part of DNA which acts as a code for a particular genetic characteristics

Front 29

Chromosomes

Back 29

Carry the genes or inherited traits

Front 30

Mutations

Back 30

A change in the structure of DNA

Front 31

How does DNA Replicate

Back 31

Enzymes "unzip" the paired DNA strands somewhere along the DNA. Adding matching nucleoids to exposed nucleotides of the unzipped sections.

Front 32

Mutagen:

Back 32

A disruption in the structure of DNA as a result of radiation

Front 33

Sickle Cell

Back 33

Beneficial if you inherit one copy.

Aids if you have a chance of dying from ,ilaria.

Front 34

Example of Evolution

Back 34

Finches-

Needed long beaks in order to eat

Front 35

Natural Selection Theory [define]

Back 35

Species which are not able to survive on their own with their characteristics died out, and therefore species evolved in order to account for survival.

Front 36

Lamarck's Theory

Back 36

Developed characteristics can be inherited by offsprings

Front 37

Darwin's Theory

Back 37

Only living things with characteristics that were beneficial, developed by mutations, allowed them to survive. This was transferable to offspring.

Front 38

Lamarck's Theory [example]

Back 38

If a crocodile were to lose its leg during combat, its offspring would be without its leg.

Front 39

Genetic Modification [define]

Back 39

The deliberate manipulation of DNA by inserting genes from other living things to modify its characteristics

Front 40

Positives of Genetic Modification [2]

Back 40

- Improves malnutrition in developing countries

- Reduces need to use pesticide

Front 41

Negatives of Genetic Modification [2]

Back 41

- Not always told what is being inserted, can trigger allergic reactions

- Widens gap between poor and wealthy farmers, not all can afford advanced technology

Front 42

Meiosis

Back 42

A type of cell division that produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Front 43

Mitosis

Back 43

Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces daughter cells with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Front 44

Exothermic [define]

Back 44

Gives out heat

Front 45

Exothermic [example]

Back 45

Explosion

Heat Pack

Front 46

Endothermic [define]

Back 46

Draws out heat from its environment

Front 47

Endothermic [example]

Back 47

Cold Pack

Front 48

Reaction Rate [what can effect reaction rate]

Back 48

- Temperature

- Concentration

- Catalysts

- Surface Area

Front 49

Catalyst [define]

Back 49

Is added to a chemical reaction to increase the reaction rate

Front 50

Monomer [define]

Back 50

A monomer is a single chemical molecule

Front 51

Polymer [define]

Back 51

A polymer is the chain of chemical molecules with the same units repeated over and over again

Front 52

Radical [define]

Back 52

A compound made up of at least two elements e.g. Hydroxide (OH)

Front 53

State prefixes up to 8

Back 53

Meth

Eth

Prop

But

Pent

Hex

Hept

Oct

Front 54

Identify Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and their bonds

Back 54

Alkanes: Singular

Enes: Double

Ynes: Triple

Front 55

Precipitate [define]

Back 55

The forming of an insoluble solution when the correct ions are combined

Front 56

Decomposition [define]

Back 56

The breaking down of chemical compounds into its original elements

Front 57

Methods of Decomposition [2]

Back 57

- Growing Splint Test

- Pop Test

Front 58

Galaxy [define]

Back 58

A collection of stars, gas and dust, held together by a gravitational force

Front 59

Universe [define]

Back 59

All existing matter and space considered as a whole

Front 60

Star[define]

Back 60

A luminous body held together by its own gravity

Front 61

Solar System [define]

Back 61

The collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit of their suns

Front 62

Nebula [define]

Back 62

A cloud of gas and dust in outer space

Front 63

Life Cycle of a Star

Back 63

Sun -> Red Giant -> White Dwarf -> Black Dwarf

Med. Star -> Red Giant -> Supernova -> Neutron Starr (pulsar)

Large Star -> Red Super Giant -> Supernova -> Black Hole

Front 64

Astronomical Unit

Back 64

The mean distance from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun.

Front 65

Light Year

Back 65

A unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year

Front 66

Metal Carbonate [equation]

Back 66

Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide

Front 67

Nucleotide

Back 67

Base - Cut Rectangle - Rectangle

Phosphate - Pointed rectangle

Sugar - Rectangle

Front 68

Allele

Back 68

The gene for a particular characteristics