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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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average speed formula |
v=d/t |
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instantaneous speed |
the speed of an object at any instant of time |
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time formula |
t=vd |
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constant velocity |
an object moves in a straight line with constant speed |
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motion |
a change in position
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reference point |
a starting point used to describe the position of an object |
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vector |
a quantity that has both a size and a direction |
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displacement |
the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object |
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acceleration |
rate of change of velocity with time |
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balanced forces |
have a net force of zero |
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centripetal force |
a force that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion |
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compression force |
a pushing force that is produced when an object is squeezed or compressed |
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contact force |
a force that is exerted only when objects are touching |
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elastic force |
force resulting from stretching or compressing a material |
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force |
a push or a pull |
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friction |
a contact force that acts to resist sliding between two touching surfaces |
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gravity |
an attractive force between all objects that have mass |
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law of universal gravitation |
states that all objects are attracted to each other and that the force of attraction depends on their masses and the distance between them |
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net force |
the combination of all the forces acting on an object |
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pressure |
the force exerted on an area |
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density formula |
density=mass/volume |
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density |
depends on the mass of the particles and distance between the particles of a material |
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atomic number |
the number of protons in the nucleus |
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atom |
very small particle that makes up all matter |
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isotope |
one of two or more atoms of an element having the same number of protons in their nuclei, but a different number of neutrons |
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electron |
a negatively charged particle that occupies the space in the atom outside the nucleus |
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neutron |
a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom
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states of matter |
determined by random motion & attractive forces |
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liquid |
matter with fixed volume but no fixed shape |
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gas |
matter having no fixed volume and no fixed shape |
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kinetic energy |
energy of motion in moving particles |
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potential energy |
energy particles have because of position |
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thermal energy |
includes kinetic and potential energy |
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boiling |
vaporization occurring within a liquid |
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group |
a vertical column of elements on the periodic table |
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halogen |
an element in Group 17 of the periodic table |
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luster |
shine, a property of metals |
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periods |
horizontal rows of the periodic table |
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noble gases |
group 18 elements; mostly inert |
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inert |
unreactive |
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law of conservation of mass |
the mass of the reactants always equals the mass of the products |
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product |
a substance that is formed by chemical reaction |
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reactant |
the starting materials in a chemical reaction |
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coefficient |
a number placed in front of a symbol or formula in a chemical equation |
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solute |
the substance being dissolved in a solution |
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solvent |
the substance used to dissolve the solute; it is in greater quantity than solute |
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base |
above pH7 on the pH scale |
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pH scale |
a numerical scale used to indicate how acidic or basic a solution is; from below 0 - above 14 |
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litmus paper |
contains a compound that changes color in acids & bases |
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neutral solution |
solution or substance that is neither acidic nor basic |
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acids |
below pH7 on the pH scale |
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asteroid belt |
separates inner and outer planets |
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meteorite |
a meteoroid that strikes earth |
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asteroid |
rocky objects, smaller than a planet, that are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
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astronomical unit |
the average distance from Earth to the Sun |
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comet |
a small, icy body in orbit around the Sun, often having highly elliptical orbits |
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planet |
Greek word for "wanderers" |
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lunar phase |
different appearances of the Moon as it orbits Earth |
