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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an inference? |
an educated guess |
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What is an observation? |
when you see something |
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What is the scientific method? |
Identify problem, form hypothesis, conduct experiment, analyze results, draw conclusion |
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What are the independent, dependent, and control variables? |
IV: part you can change DV: depends on IV C: don't change |
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How is a conclusion made in an experiment? |
data |
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What is data? How is data shown? |
results; chart |
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How are objects measured for length and what are the units? |
meter stick; cm |
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How are objects measured for volume and what are the units for both solids and liquids? |
water displacement/lxw; cm3 |
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How are objects measured for mass and what are the units? |
triple beam balance; grams |
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What is density? |
mass ----------- volume |
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How could you visually compare densities of liquids? |
what ever floats to the top is less dense |
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Name some physical and chemical properties of matter. |
physical- color, texture, smell, state chemical- flammability and reactivity |
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What is the difference between chemical and physical changes? |
p- cutting/ altering state c- burning |
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What are the characteristics of metals? |
shiny, conductive, malliable |
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What and the characteristics of nonmetals? |
rough, dull |
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What is an element? |
simplest form of substance |
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What is a compound? |
2 elements combined to make one (water) |
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How are compounds separated? |
chemical change |
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What is a mixture? |
physically combined |
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How are mixtures separated? |
filter, boiling |
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What is an atom? |
smallest part of an element |
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What are the charges of protons, electrons, and neutrons? |
p- pos e- neg n- neutral |
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What are the columns and rows called on the PT? |
c- groups r- periods |
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What is Boyle's law? |
Volume and pressure are inversely related |
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Charles' Law? |
temp and vol change same way |
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Who was Dalton and what did he believe? |
teacher; everything is made of atoms |
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What is diffusion? What is osmosis? |
d- particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration o- diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
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What are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? |
e- nucleus p- no nucleus |
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what are some examples? |
p- bacteria e- plants and animals |
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What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? |
endo- brings things in exo- out *needs energy |
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What are the parts of the cell theory? |
-basic unit of all living things -everything is made of cells |
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What is the difference between passive and active transport? |
passive- no energy (diffusion) active- energy (endocytosis) |
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What is cellular respiration? |
makes energy, in mitochondria, products are energy, CO2, and water |
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What is photosynthesis? |
makes own food, in chloroplast, products are glucose and O2 |
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What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? |
mit- reg. cells mei- sex cells |
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What are homologous chromosomes? |
same sequence of genes |
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What is heredity? |
passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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What experiments did Mendel perform? |
pea plant flower colors and cross pollinationq |
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What did Mendel learn about dominant and recessive traits? |
r- second gen. d- 1st gen. |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
Mixed traits (red+white=pink) |
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What is a phenotype? |
trait |
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What is a genotype? |
Letters like A and B |
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What are alleles? |
determine trait Rr - - alleles |
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What are heterozygous alleles? |
Hh |
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What are homozygous alleles? |
HH, hh |
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What is a sex-linked disorder? |
Mutation with X chromosome, usually occur more with boys |
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What is a trait? What is a characteristic? |
trait- blonde characteristic- hair color |
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How are sex cells different from other cells? |
23 chromosomes |
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What is a pedigree? |
chart showing genes |
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What was the model of DNA that Watson and Crick built? |
double-helix |
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What are the rungs of dna composed of? |
bases |
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What are the complementary base pairs? |
a-t g-c |
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what is a nucleotide? |
phosphate sugar baseq |
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What are the sides of the dna ladder made of? |
Alternating sugar phosphate |
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How is DNA copied? |
Unzips and new nucleotides come in |
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What is a gene? |
trait passed down |
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What is DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
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What is a chromosome? |
Carries genes, made of dna, in nucleus |
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What are the three types of mutation? |
Deletion substitution insertion |
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List some evidence that whales evolved from mammals living on land. |
hip bones, breathe air, live birth |
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List some evidence tht shows mammals may have a common ancestor. |
1 bone, 2 bones, many bones, digets, |
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What is natural selection? |
organisms with the best traits for climate survive and reproduce. |
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What is adaptation? |
species develop a trait that improves survival |
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What is selective breeding? |
Two organisms with good traits get bred to get the best |
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What four factors limit populations? |
starvation disease competition predators |
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When part of a population moves away from the rest |
seperation |
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What is the man function of the skeletal system? |
to give protection and structure |
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What is the hard outer layer of the bone called? |
compact bone |
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Which two elements make bones hard? |
calcium and phosphorus |
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About how many money do we have when we're born vs. when we're adults? |
child- 300 adult- 206 |
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What is cartilage? |
rubbery tissue |
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what are bone cells called? |
osteoblasts |
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What are the parts of the circulatory system? |
heart, blood, blood vessels |
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Arteries veins and capillaries? |
a- away, thick, pressure v- to, valves c- thin, to cells |
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what are the two types of circulation? |
pulmonary and systemic |
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What is the function of blood? |
carry nutrients throughout body and take away waste |
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Why is blood red? |
hemoglobin |
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What is the function of the heart? |
To pump blood |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red b cells white b cells plasma, platelets |
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What are the blood types? What makes the blood types? |
A, B, AB, O; antigens |
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Why is it important to get the right type of blood during a blood transfusion? |
antibodies will fight a wrong type |
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Where is oxygenated blood found? Where is deoxygenated blood found? |
o- left d- right |
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What are the chambers of the heart? |
Right+left ventricle right+left atrium |
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