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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes air pressure? |
Gravity give fluid weight, weight causes pressure. |
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Describe Buoyant Force |
Upward force on an object in a fluid. |
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What is Archimedes Principle? |
An immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight go the fluid it displaces. -An object floating in a fluid it displaces its weight in fluid -An object submerged in a fluid displaces its volume in fluid |
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What is Bernoulli"s Principle? |
When air (or any fluid) speeds up its pressure is reduced. |
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When is exerting a force on an object an example of doing work and when is it not doing work? |
fill in |
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What is energy? |
The ability to do work or cause a change. |
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What is the difference between energy and work? |
Energy is able to do work. Work actually moves the object. |
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What is the difference between kinectic energy and potential energy? |
Kinetic energy is the energy in motion and it depends on mass and velocity. Potential is stored in a object waiting to do work. |
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List the SIX forms of energy and give us an example of each. |
Mechanical Energy- deals with motion to position of an object; machine Thermal Energy-deals with the moving/vibrating atoms and molecule; boiling water Chemical Energy-deals with the bonds between atoms; eating a sandwich Electrical Energy- deals with the movement of electrons; computer Electromagnetic energy-energy: (light): deals with radiation energy that travels in waves; microwave Nuclear Energy- Deals with energy stored in the nucleus of an atom; nuclear power plant |
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What is it meant by conservation of mass and energy? |
energy can be created nor destroyed it me be transferred from one into another but the amount of energy never changes |
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What is the difference between temperature and heat? |
temperature is the average energy or vibrations of an objects particles. Heat is movement of thermal energy. |
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What is absolute zero? |
Lowest temperature possible subatomic particles are motionless |
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What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator? |
A conductor is a material in which heat travels in and out quickly. An insulator in a material in which heat travels in and out slowly. |
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What is specific heat? |
The measure of how easily different objects heat up. |
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When you enter an 85 degree room and sit on a chair covered in fabric- why does the metal chair feel cooler? |
the heat transferring to you and you transfer your temperature to it until it equals causing the metal chair to feel cooler. |
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What is a machine? |
FILL THIS IN |
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What is the difference between input force and output force? |
FILL IN |
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What is Mechanical Energy |
FILL IN |
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What are the six types of machines? |
FILL IN |
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What is a fulcrum? |
FILL IN |
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What are types of pulleys and be able to identify which systems allow for a better mechanical advantage.
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FILL IN |
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What is a compound machine? |
FILL IN |
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What is the difference between a wave and a medium? |
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place A medium is a substance through which 'some' waves must travel ex: water or air |
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What are the three types of waves and describe each? |
transfer waves- particles move at right angles to wave ex: rope Longitudinal- motion moves along the direction of the wave ex: sound surface- combination of both waves resulting in a circular motion ex:water |
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What is the difference between a period and frequency? |
A period is the in seconds of a total eo end from swing of a vibration. Frequency is the member of waves that pass in a point is one second/ |
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What is the difference between aptitude and wave length? |
Amplitude is the maximum distance of the particles from their rest position. Wavelength is the distance between one waves and the next |
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What is the difference between reflection and refraction? |
A reflection is a wave that bounces off an object ex: echo A refraction is a wave that bends and changes its direction due to moving through different objects. |
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What causes a wave to refract? |
FILL IN |
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What is diffraction? |
Diffraction is a wave that moves through a hold and spreads out the other side. |
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What is the difference between a node and anti-node ? |
A node points on a standing wave where waves have canceled with no amplitude and an antinode are a crest and trough of a standing wave. |
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What is the difference between constructive interference and destructive interference? |
Constructive interference is two wavesthatj combine and increase amplitude. A destructive interference is two waves that combine and decrease each other. |
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What is a standing wave? |
A standing wave is two interfering waves that appear as no one standing still. |
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What is the natural frequency and how does it relate to resonance? |
Natural frequency is the frequency that an object will typically acquire when stuck. Resonance are waves that match the natural frequent of an object and vibration add to each other and increase. |
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How does sound travel? |
Sound travels as a longitudinal wave though a medium. |
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What factors contribute to the speed of sound? |
Elasticity- travels faster if molecules can quickly move back to original position density- travels faster if atoms are easily moved to a lower density temperature- travels faster in higher temperatures |
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What is the difference between intensity and loudness? |
intensity is the amount of energy in a sound wave and loudness is what we hear based off of sensitivity. |
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What is the difference between frequency and pitch? |
Frequency is the amount of waves that pass a given point in a second. Pitch is the key we hear based on frequency. |
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What is the copper effect rowdies it occur and give an example. |
As a sound moves closer towards the listener the compress and have a high frequency. As the sound moves away it has a lower frequency. |
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What is the speed of light |
3x10^8 |
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What is polarization? |
Light produced in random orientations: Polarized light is filtered in only one orientation. |
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What is a photon? |
Individual packets of electromagnetic energy |
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What is the order of the electromagnetic Spectrum in order of low frequency and brief describe each. |
Radio- lowest frequency and heavily used in wireless technology Microwave- useful for communications and cooking Infrared-useful for nigh vision googles, measures temperature, and data transmissions visible light- seen by human eye ultraviolet- causes sunburns and cancer x-rays- can cause cancer, useful for treatments of cancer and detecting metals gamma rays- highest frequency can cause or treat cancer |
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What is the difference between something transparent and something opaque? |
transparent materials allow light to pass though. opaque materials absorb light to reflect light. |
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How can toy tell if something reflect back through regular or diffuse reflection? |
regular light bounces off at the same angle- preserving the mage ex: a mirror. diffuse light tays bounce back scattered- distorting the image ex: the ground |
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what is total internal reflection? |
when light passes into a transparent object but reflects within, the objects due to the angles of walls. it is the basis for fiber optics. ex: underwater in a pool |
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compare and contrast concave and convex mirrors? |
concave mirror- surface caved inward makes real images convex mirror- surface caved our ward virtual image |
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What is refraction why does refraction of light occur? |
light travels at different speeds though materials-causing the light to change direction/bend as it passes from one medium to another |
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How do a prism and a rainbow function in a similar fashion? |
they prism refracts lights. a rainbow is caused by refracted light by sun rays, rain, water or as prisms |
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what property of light causes mirages? |
produced by the refraction go light when it passes into a layer of warm air or lying close to a heated ground surface creating an image to be inverted. |
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compare and contrast concave and convex lenses |
concaved lens- surface is curved inward convex- surface curved outward (produces opposite image) |
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What is the difference between color and pigment? |
color is reflected light. pigment are substances used to color material that absorbs some light and reflects other ex: eye color |
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What is white light? |
When all the visible light is combined- the bright result is white |
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Order of color spectrum |
ROYGIBV |
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What is the difference between primary colors and complementary colors? |
complementary+complementary=primary secondary+missing primary=complementary |
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how do you make secondary colors? |
primary+primary |
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what is a magnetic pole? |
the location of the greatest magnetic effect labeled north and south |
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what is a magnetic field? |
the region of magnetic force |
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what are domains? |
cluster of atoms that have their fields lined up in the same way |
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why does the earth have magnetic fields? |
due to the movement of molten metals within the earth |
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what is an electromagnet? |
using an electric field to create a magnetic field |
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what is a solenoid |
by looping wire, magnetic fields of the wire are layered creating a string magnetic field within the loops |
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what does a motor do and briefly explain how it works |
magnets cause a wire with electricity to spin |
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what does a generator do and how does it work? |
wire spinning between magnets make electricity |
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what is the difference between AC and DC |
AC naturally produces voltages alternating in polarity reversing positive and negative over time. it switches back and fourth. DC electricity flowing in constant direction and processing a voltage with constant polarity. |
