Science Final

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

All living things are composed of 1 or more cells

The cell is the most basic unit of life

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Front 2

Differences Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Back 2

Prokaryotes have small ribosomes, no nucleus and no organelles.

Eukaryotes have large ribosomes, a nucleus, and organelles

Front 3

What is the difference between dependent and independent variables?

Back 3

Dependent variables are affected by the independent variables.

Front 4

List the levels of organization.

Back 4

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

Front 5

Enzyme

Back 5

Substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Front 6

Catalyst

Back 6

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change.

Front 7

How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?

Back 7

By breaking down the substance that is undergoing a chemical reaction

Front 8

How does the temperature affect the enzyme reactions?

Back 8

It can slow the reactions down if the temperature is too hot.

Front 9

Diffusion

Back 9

Joining of Substances by the natural movements of their particles

Front 10

Active Transport

Back 10

The movements of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration

Front 11

Passive Transport

Back 11

Is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without the use of chemical energy

Front 12

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 12

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules across a biological membrane

Front 13

Endocytosis

Back 13

Taking in of matter by a living cell in a vacuole

Front 14

Exocytosis

Back 14

A process by which the content of a vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane.

Front 15

Proteins

Back 15

Monomers: Amino Acids

Functions: Cell Structure

Front 16

Nucleic Acids

Back 16

Monomer: Nucleotide

Function: Provide instructions for DNA

Front 17

Carbohydrates

Back 17

Monomer: Monosaccharides

Function: Provides energy for the cell

Front 18

Lipids

Back 18

Monomer: Glycerol/ Fatty Acids

Function: Stores energy for the Cell

Front 19

Compare and contrast Plant cells

Back 19

Plant: Large Vacuole, Chloroplast, Cell Wall

Animal: Small Vacuole, Cell membrane, No cell Wall

Front 20

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Back 20

Chloroplasts and a cell wall

Front 21

Number the phases of Mitosis

Back 21

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase,and Cytokinesis

Front 22

After cell division, the __________________

should have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Back 22

Daughter cell

Front 23

___________ is the division of the nucleus

Back 23

Prophase

Front 24

The process in the cell cycle where the cytosplasm divides and forms two new identical daughter cells is known as _______________

Back 24

Mitosis

Front 25

___________ cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells

Back 25

Cancer

Front 26

_____________ is when the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the centrioles seperate and a spindle begins to form

Back 26

Cytokinesis

Front 27

The chromosomes line up across the middle in ______________

Back 27

Metaphase

Front 28

The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and two nuclear envelopes will form in _______________

Back 28

Telophase

Front 29

In ________________ the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart

Back 29

Anaphase

Front 30

________________ cells may break loose from tumors and spread throughout the body disrupting normal activities and causing serious complications that could result in death

Back 30

Cancer

Front 31

The cell undergoes G1-cell growth, S phase-DNA Replication, and G2-Preparation for mitosis in _________________

Back 31

S-Phase

Front 32

Tobacco use, radiation exposure, and viral infections are causes of ______________

Back 32

Cancer

Front 33

Research treatments for types of cancer would be beneficial if they halted __________________

Back 33

Interphase

Front 34

Translate this into mRNA

TAC-GGC-ATA-TTA-GGC-CCA-ATT

Back 34

AUG-CCG-UAU-AAU-CCG-GGU-UAA

Front 35

What kind of mutation would happen if there was an extra letter at the end of the sequence?

Back 35

Insortion

Front 36

Organisms that have 2 alleles for a particular trait?

Back 36

Homozygous

Front 37

Organisms that have 2 different alleles for a particular trait?

Back 37

Heterozygous

Front 38

Chemical factors that determine traits?

Back 38

Genes

Front 39

Chromosomes that have a corresponding matching chromosome from the opposite sex parent?

Back 39

Homologous

Front 40

Specific physical characteristics of an organism?

Back 40

Trait

Front 41

Genetic makeup?

Back 41

Genotype

Front 42

Physical Traits of an organism?

Back 42

Phenotype

Front 43

Different forms of a gene?

Back 43

Allele

Front 44

What is the difference between dominance and codominance?

Back 44

Codominance has 2 dominant alleles

Front 45

What id the difference between dominance and incomplete dominance?

Back 45

Incomplete dominance has 2 colors that make another color.