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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are force, work, power, and energy related??
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transfer of energy is work, power is the rate at which energy is transferred,or the amount of energy transferred in one unit of time
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2 kinds of Potential Energy:
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-Gravitational PE
-Elastic PE |
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6 types of energy:
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mechanical~chemical~thermal~
nuclear~electrical~ electromagnetic |
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Mechanical Energy
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the Kinetic and Potential E of an object
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Electrical Energy
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Energy of electric charges
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Chemical Energy
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Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds in the chemical compounds of an object
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Electromagnetic Energy
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Energy transmitted in waves with electrical and magnetic properties
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Nuclear Energy
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Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
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Thermal Energy
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the total kinetic and potential energy in the particles of an object
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Energy Transformation
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change from one form of energy to another
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Law of Conservation of Energy(or mass)
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During the transfer of energy, no energy can be created or destroyed
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Energy Transfer for a match
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mechanical~thermal(friction)~chemical~thermal~ electromagnetic
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How can energy be created??
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by desroying matter
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fossil fuels
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coal, petroleum, and natural gas; energy released through combustion
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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3 types of matter:
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solids, liquids, and gases
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2 types of solids:
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crystalline, and amorphous
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particles in a solid are ...
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a fixed, closely packed arrangement. solids have definate shape and volume
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particles in a liquid are ...
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free to move. a liquid has no definate shape, but has a definate volume
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What is a fluid??
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a substance that flows; liquid or gas
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surface tension
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result of an inward pull among the molecules on the surface of a liquid; causes skin like barrier on surface
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viscosity
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a liquids resistance to flowing; high viscosity-slow flowing, low viscosity-quick flowing
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Particles in a gas ...
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spread apart to fill all available space; have no definate volume or shape
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Chemical Properties of matter
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descirbes a pure substance's ability to change into different substances
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Examples of chemical properties
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flammability, tarnishability, rustability, react to other substances
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Physical properties of matter
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characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
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Examples of physical properties
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physical state(liquid,solid,gas), texture, color, flexability, luster, ability to conduct heat and electricity, magnetic attraction
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What are mixtures?
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2 or more substances together but not chemically combined
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2 types of mixtures:
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heterogeneous and homogeneous
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heterogeneous mixture
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a mixture in which you can see the different parts
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homogeneous mixture
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mixed so evenly that different parts are not visable
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ways of separating mixtures
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magnetism, filteration, evaporation, distillation
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What is volume??
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the amount of space matter occupies(L*W*H)
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What is density??
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the mass of a material in a given volume
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What is a physical change??
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a change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not chemically change the substance
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What is a chemical change??
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change in matter that produces 2 or more new substances
-ex.combustion, electrolysis, oxidation, tarnishing |
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What does a chemical formula show??
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the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms
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What is a chemical compound??
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a pure substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined
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What is the melting point??
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specific temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
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What is the freezing point??
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specific temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
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What is vaporization??
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a substance's change from a liquid to a gas
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What is evaporation??
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vaporization occuring at the surface of a liquid
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What is boiling??
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vaporization occuring below the surface of a liquid
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What is condensation??
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a substance's change from a gas to a liquid
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What is sublimation??
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a substance's change from a solid directly to a gas
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Boyle's Law
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When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases, vise versa; varies inversely
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Charles' Law
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temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases, vise versa; directly proportional
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relationship btwn temperature and pressure
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temperature of a gas at constant volume increases, the pressure of the gas increases, vise versa
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x-axis
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manipulated variable
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y-axis
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responding variable
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Boyle's Law
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pres. in., vol.in.
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Charles' Law
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temp. in., vol. in.
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amorphous solid
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particles in a solid are not arranged in a regular pattern
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crystalline solid
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solids made up of crystals
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