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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Theory
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The most logical explanation for events that occur in nature
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Law
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Summarizes observed experimential facts that has been tested many times and is accepted as true
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Geology
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The study of the Earths origin
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Meteorology
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The study of the Earths atmosphere
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Oceanology
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The study of the Earths oceans
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Astronomy
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The study of the characteristics of the planets and stars
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Variable
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One factor that is being tested
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Control
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An experiment
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Data
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Observations and measurements
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Fair test
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An experiment only testing one variable
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Metric System
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The scientific system of measurement
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Meter
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The basic unit of length
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Mass
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A measure of the amount of matter in an object
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Volume
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The amount of space an object takes up
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Liter
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The basic unit of volume
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Cubic centimeter
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The metric unit used to measure the volume of solids
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Gram
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Used to measure the mass of small objects
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Weight
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A measure of the attraction between 2 objects
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Newton
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The basic unit of length
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Newton
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The basic unit of weight
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Density
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The relationship between mass and volume
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Celsius
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What temerature is measured on
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Dimensional Analysis
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Converting one unit to another
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Conversion Factor
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A fraction that always equals to 1
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Refracting telescope
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A series of lenses which is used to focus light
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Reflecting telescope
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A series of lenses used to collect and focus light from distant objects
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Weight
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A measure of the attraction between 2 objects
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Arrangement of electromagnetic waves which consist of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, x rays, and radio waves
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Radio telescope
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A telescope that gathers radio waves from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
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Infrared telescope
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A telescope that gathers infrared light from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
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Ultraviolet telescope
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A telescope that gathers ultraviolet light from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
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X ray telescope
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A telescope that gathers x rays from distant object in order to produce images of those objects
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Inner Core
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The solid innermost center of the earth
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Outer core
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The layer of the earth surrounding the inner core
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Mantle
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The layer of the earth that extends from the bottom of the crust to the outer core
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Moho
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The boundary between the earth's outermost layer and the mantle
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Plasticity
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The ability of a solid to flow or change shape
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Crust
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The thin outermost layer of the earth
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Lithosphere
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The topmost solid part of the earth
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Asthenosphere
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The layer of the earth directly beneath the lithosphere
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IMIC
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Inner most inner core
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Stress
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The forces that push and pull on the earths crust, causing deformation
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Deformation
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Any change in the origonal shape or volume of rocks
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Deformation
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Any change in the origonal shape or volume of rocks
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Compression
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A type of stress that squeezes rocks together
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Tension
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The type of stress that pulls rocks apart
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Shearing
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The type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in 2 opposite horizontal directions
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Fracture
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A break or crack in a rock
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Fault
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A break or crack along which rocks move
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Hanging wall
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The block of rock above a fault
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Foot wall
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The block of rock below a fault
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Normal fault
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A fault in which the hanging wall moves fown relative to the foot wall
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Reverse fault
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A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall
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Thrust fault
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A reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall
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Lateral/strike slip fault
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A fault along which the blocks move horizontally past eachother
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Fault block mountain
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A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted along normal faults
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Rift valley
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A valley formed when the block of land between 2 normal faults slides downward
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Fold
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A bend in a rock
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Anticline
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An upward fold in a rock
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Syncline
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A downward fold in a rock
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Plateau
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A large area of flat land high above sea level
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Dome
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A raised area formed by magma pushing upward on the rock layers above it
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Isostasy
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The balancing of the upward force of the mantle and the downward force of the crust
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Earthquake
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The shaking and trembling that results from the suden movement of part of the Earths crust
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Aftershock
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A shock which occurs after an earthquake
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Seismogram
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A record of seismic waves
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Seismograph
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Recording of seismic waves
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Seismologist
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A person who records seismic waves
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Seismology
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The study of seismic waves
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Richter scale
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A scale used to measure the strength of earthquakes
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Focus
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The underground point of origin of an earthquake
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P waves
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Primary waves; can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. They are the fastest type of seismic waves.
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S waves
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Secondary waves; can only travel through solids. Slower than P waves but faster than L waves.
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L waves
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Surface waves; slowest moving waves.
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R waves
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Rayleigh waves
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Body waves
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P and S waves
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Epicenter
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The point on the earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
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USGS
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United states geological survey
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