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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solar system |
composed of a sun (star), planets, and other bodies that travel (orbit) around that star |
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solar nebula |
interstellar clouds of gas and dust |
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gravity |
the force that attracts a body to the center of the earth |
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planetesimal |
colliding particles can stick together |
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rotation |
spinning on its axis |
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revolution |
orbit around the sun |
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planet |
revolve around the sun |
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fusion |
putting two things together to form one thing |
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orbit |
path around the sun |
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kepler |
-1571-1630 -Kepler's law of planetary motion |
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ellipse |
a closed, curved shape that isn't a circle |
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major axis |
maximum length |
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semi major axis |
half length |
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astronomical unit |
average distance from earth to sun |
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helium 3 |
light, non-radioactive isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron |
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hydrogen |
a color less, odor less, highly flammable gas |
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sun |
the star which the earth orbits around |
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photosphere |
visible surface, 600 km thick -6,000 celcius |
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Ptolemy |
-earth was the center of the universe with everything revolving around it -90 to 168 |
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Copernicus |
-1473 -provided first heliocentric theory of the solar system |
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Galileo galilei |
-1564 to 1643 -father of modern astronomy -proved that earth was not the center of the universe |
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heliocentric |
the theory that the sun is the center of the universe |
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satellite |
a celestial body orbiting the earth or another planet |
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moon |
body that revolves around a planet |
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waxing |
growing |
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waning |
shrinking |
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eclipse |
occurs when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another |
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comet |
small bodies of ice, rock, and comic dust |
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meteor |
-smaller than asteroids -called meteorites when they hit the earth |
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asteriod |
small rocky bodies hat orbit the sun |
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what is the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse |
a solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, blocking all or a portion of the sun. a lunar eclipse is when all or a portion of the moon is hidden |
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what is the composition of a solar nebula |
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Carbon (C), and Iron (Fe) |
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how was the earth formed |
The Earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. Gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps that became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.
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what are the phases of the moon |
-new moon -waxing crescent -first quarter -waxing gibbous -full moon -waning -last quarter -waning crescent |
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what causes the phases of the moon |
As the moon revolves around the earth the illuminated portion of the moon appears to change. The different phases of the moon change over a period of about 30 days |
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how do the solar system models of Ptolemy and Copernicus differ |
Ptolemy said the Earth was the center of the universe Copernicus said the sun was the center |
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what are the differences between comets, asteriods, and meteorites |
Comets- small bodies of ice, rock, and comic dust asteroids- small rocky bodies that orbit the sun meteorites- when a meteor strikes the earth |
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deuterium |
an isotope of hydrogen that has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus and that has twice the mass of ordinary hydrogen—called also heavy hydrogen.
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mantle |
- a rocky layer located under the crust -Layer of the Earth |
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atmosphere |
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
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ion tail |
The long, narrow tail of a comet
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how and why are terrestrial planets and gas planets differ |
-terrestrial planets have a surface, unlike gas giants. - Gas giants are made of gas and don't actually have a solid surface. -terrestrial planets don't have as many moons as gas planets |
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why do we always see the same side of the moon |
The moon does one rotation for each revolution around Earth
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