Science Exam

Front 1

Axis

Back 1

imaginary line around which Earth spins

Front 2

Equinox

Back 2

twice- yearly time when the sun is directly above Earths equator and the length of the day the length of the night worldwide

Front 3

Orbit

Back 3

curved path followed by Earth as it moves around the Sun

Front 4

Revolution

Back 4

the motion of Earth around the Sun, which takes about 365 1/4 days, or one year, to complete

Front 5

Rotation

Back 5

spinning of Earth on its axis, which causes day and night: it takes 24 hrs for Earth to complete one rotation

Front 6

Solstice

Back 6

time when the Sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator

Front 7

Chemical weathering

Back 7

occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or change them into different materials

Front 8

Community

Back 8

all the populations of different species that live in an ecosystem

Front 9

Deposition

Back 9

dropping of sediments that occurs when an agent of erosion loses its energy and can no longer carry its load

Front 10

Erosion

Back 10

process in which surface materials are worn away and are transported from one place to another

Front 11

Mechanical weathering

Back 11

physical process that breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical make-up

Front 12

population

Back 12

all the organisms that brlong to the same species living in a community

Front 13

weathering

Back 13

mechanical or chemical process that braks into smaller and smaller pieces

Front 14

force

Back 14

a push or pull

Front 15

kinetic energy

Back 15

energy an object has due to its motion

Front 16

potential energy

Back 16

energy that is stored due to position

Front 17

simple machine

Back 17

device that makes work easier with only one movement

Front 18

velocity

Back 18

speed of an object and its direction of motion

Front 19

work

Back 19

done when an applied force causes an object to move in the direction of the force

Front 20

alleles

Back 20

an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait

Front 21

dominant

Back 21

describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait

Front 22

genotype

Back 22

an organism's genetic make-up

Front 23

heredity

Back 23

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Front 24

phenotype

Back 24

outward physical appearence and behavior of an organism

Front 25

punnet square

Back 25

a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways Alleles can combine

Front 26

recessive

Back 26

describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear

Front 27

arteries

Back 27

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Front 28

atrium

Back 28

2 upper chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during a heartbeat

Front 29

bladder

Back 29

elastic, muscular organ that holds urine entill it leaves the body through the urethra

Front 30

capillaries

Back 30

microscopic blood vessel that connecta arteries and veins

Front 31

cardiac muscle

Back 31

striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart

Front 32

cerebellum

Back 32

part of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movement

Front 33

cerebrum

Back 33

largest part of the brain, where memory is stored, movements are controlled, and impulses from the senses are interpreted

Front 34

chyme

Back 34

thin, watery product of digestion that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the small intestine

Front 35

dermis

Back 35

skin layer below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, oil and sweat glands, and other structures

Front 36

diaphram

Back 36

muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to move gasses in and out of the body

Front 37

digestion

Back 37

chemical and mechanical process that braks down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed by the body

Front 38

epidermis

Back 38

outer, thinnest skin layer that constantly produces new cells to replace the dead cells rubbed off its surface

Front 39

ligament

Back 39

tough band of tissue that holds bones together at joints

Front 40

pharynx

Back 40

tubelike passageway for food, liquid, and air

Front 41

skeletal muscle

Back 41

voluntary, striated muscle that moves bones, works in pairs, and is attatched to bones by tendons

Front 42

smooth muscle

Back 42

involuntary, non-striated muscle that controls movement of internal organs

Front 43

tendon

Back 43

thick band of tissue that attatches bones to muscle

Front 44

veins

Back 44

blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

Front 45

ventricles

Back 45

2 lower chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during a heartbeat

Front 46

chemical change

Back 46

change in which the composition of the substance changes

Front 47

chemical property

Back 47

charasteristic that cannot be observed without altering the sample

Front 48

compound

Back 48

a substance produced when elements combine and whose properties are different from each of the elements in it

Front 49

metal

Back 49

element that is malleable, ductile, a good conducter of electricity, and generally has a shiny or metallic luster

Front 50

metalloid

Back 50

element that has charasteristics of both metals and nonmetals and is a solid at room temperature

Front 51

mixture

Back 51

a combination of compounds that can be seperated easily

Front 52

nonmetal

Back 52

elements that are usually gasses or brittle solids that are poor conductors of electricity and heat

Front 53

periodic table

Back 53

table of elements

Front 54

physical change

Back 54

change in form or appearence butnot composition

Front 55

physical property

Back 55

characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition

Front 56

natural resource

Back 56

parts of Earth's environment that supply materials useful or necessary for the survival of living organisms

Front 57

nonrenewable resource

Back 57

natural resources that are used quicker than they can be replaced by natural processes

Front 58

renewable resource

Back 58

natural resources that are constantly being replaced or recycled by nature

Front 59

biome

Back 59

large geographic areas with similar climates and ecosystems

Front 60

ecosystem

Back 60

all the living organisms that live in an area and the nonliving features of the environment

Front 61

velocity

Back 61

speed of an object and its direction of motion

Front 62

acceleration

Back 62

change in velocity divided by the amount of time needed for the change to occur

Front 63

inertia

Back 63

tendency to resist a change in motion

Front 64

friction

Back 64

force that resists motion between 2 touching surfaces and always acts to the direction of motion