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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Darwin began working on a manuscript on his theory of natural selection on London in _____________________ |
1840 and completed it in 1844. |
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the origin of species by means of natural selection is published on |
November 24, 1899 |
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this book deals with the biodiversity seen on Earth. it has 3 main themes: |
1.the similarities and differences that exist among species; 2.the adaptations that evolve in species; 3.to survive in an environment. |
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supporting evidence for common ancestry among organisms include: |
homologous- (meaning same) Structures examples skeletal structure, limb, or cephalization |
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embryological homologous |
seen as common stages of development that embryos go through. darwin wrote about this in his book. |
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molecular homologous |
refers to DNA nucleotide sequences being exact in order and function. (Darwin could not wrote about this, as if they had not been discovered yet.) |
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theory of natural selection |
this theory states that in nature there are different levels of success in reproduction based on the ability to survive in a specific environment. the differing rates of success act as a filter for weak traits. strong traits would be beneficial in surviving and reproducing weak traits would not be beneficial to reproducing and surviving the harsh characteristics of that environment. |
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life is a struggle for existence and nature ultimately decides who gets to survive and reproduce and who doesn’t by __________________________ |
environmental forces killing them off. |
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this concept came to darwin while reading |
Thomas malthus's book the principles of population |
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the book (principles of population) basically states that |
more organisms are born then nature can allow to survive (remember : overpopulation) therefore, nature selects which trait get inheirited by future generations based upon variations available within the population |
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natural selection and competition are major driving forces to the evolution of species over time. What is natural selection? |
nature decides what species are able to survive and reproduce within an environment |
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jean baptiste lamarck (1744-1829) |
proposed a similar theory of evolution in 1809 (the year that darwin was born) that stated that evolution needed long periods of time to occur. his theory is called inheritance of acquired characteristics by means of use versus disease (this will become referred to as lamarckian evolution) if an organism uses a body part routinely it must be of importance and therefore that body part will be passed on to the next generation. |
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if an organism does not use a body part, it will ______________ |
disappear over time because it must not be important |
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artificial selection |
this is where man selects what trait are desirable in a species. |
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james hutton (1726- 1797) |
he proposed the theory of gradualism this theory tries to explain that the earth must be very, very old, because in order for some processes to occur, such as mountain formation or canyon formation, it would require enormous amount of time. according to the theory, earth must be very old. |
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what is very important to Darwin’s theory of natural selection |
this theory of gradualism supports the time frame needed for natural selection to transform species over generations. |
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georges cuvier (1769-1832) |
he proposed the theory of catastrophism this theory tries to explain why organisms seem to suddenly disappear from existence on earth such as the extinction of the dinosaurs. some catastrophic event must have occurred to cause their sudden extinction to occur. |
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charles lyell (1797 - 1875) |
in the book, he proposed the theory of uniformitarianism (the key to the past is the present) the theory tries to explain that the same geologic processes that are occurring today, also occurred in the past. processes such as erosion or earthquakes |
