Science Earthquakes And Volcanoes

Front 1

lithosphere

Back 1

the crust and upper area of the mantle

Front 2

plates

Back 2

large pieces that float

Front 3

theory of plate tectonics

Back 3

the idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates

Front 4

plate boundaries

Back 4

places where the plates meet

Front 5

earthquake

Back 5

rocks around the plate boundaries suddenly shift and release their stored energy

Front 6

faults

Back 6

breaks in the earth's surface along which rocks can move

Front 7

focus

Back 7

the beginning points of an earthquake. waves of energy are sent out of this

Front 8

seismic waves

Back 8

vibrations from out from all directions

Front 9

seismologists

Back 9

a scientist who studies movement of the earth

Front 10

seismograph

Back 10

a machine to detect ground movements caused by earthquakes. detects the earth's movements

Front 11

magnitude

Back 11

the strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake

Front 12

tsunamis

Back 12

an earthquake in or near the water. has a series of giant waves

Front 13

magma

Back 13

a substance that comes out of the volcano when it errupts

Front 14

volcanologists

Back 14

scientist who studies volcanoes

Front 15

magma chambers

Back 15

pockets of molten deep inside the earth's lithosphere

Front 16

lava

Back 16

when the magma breaks the earth's surface

Front 17

vent

Back 17

a place where lava flows out through an opening in the surface

Front 18

crater

Back 18

the bowl shape at the top of the main vent

Front 19

ash

Back 19

clouds filled with bits of jagged crushed rock

Front 20

volcanic cone

Back 20

a funnel shaped mound formed from layers of ash or hardened lava

Front 21

ring of fire

Back 21

active volcanoes that are found in an area around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

Front 22

hot spots

Back 22

places where a pool of hot magma rises toward the surface

Front 23

cinder

Back 23

showered bits of ash and lava

Front 24

tephra

Back 24

a mixture of cinders, ash and lava

Front 25

pyroclastic flow

Back 25

an avalanche of red hot dust and gases

Front 26

debris flow

Back 26

this occurs when part of the moutain collapses and mud and rock fragments surge down the mountain

Front 27

igneous rock

Back 27

volcanoes produce this when magma and lava cool and then harden

Front 28

hot spring

Back 28

water that is heated and rises to the earth's surface

Front 29

mud pot

Back 29

a hot spring that contains more mud than water