Science: Earth And Solar System

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A huge cloud of simple matter held together by gravity. The first complex entity in the Universe, has structure, stability, and sustained energy flow due to nuclear fusion at its center.

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Star

Turbulence in the sky that makes the stars appear that they are blinking

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A large, chemically complex object orbiting a star.

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Planet

Planets are divided into two types: Large gas giants and Rocky terrestrial planets

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The process by which planets form as material orbiting some stars gathers together through collisions and gravitational or electrostatic attraction, eventually forming larger and larger bodies.

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Accretion

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The third planet from the Sun in our Solar System, home to many complex life forms and modern human society.

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Earth

Of all the planets in our solar system, the Earth has the greatest density

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A planet outside of our Solar System.

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Exoplanet

Most exoplanets can only be detected indirectly because bright light from the stars that they orbit drowns them out

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The action or process of becoming not alike

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Differentiation

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the area in space influenced by the gravitational pull of a single star or star systems

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Solar System

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The mixture of gases surrounding a planet, a critical factor in the development of life on Earth.

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Atmosphere

Atmosphere is made of 4 layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere

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The dense center of the Earth formed by differentiation. Large quantities of iron and nickel generate the Earth's magnetic field

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Core

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The outer layer of the Earth, consisting of moving plates. The Earth's crust was formed through the process of differentiation

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Crust

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The semi-molten layer of the Earth between the core and the crust. Convection currents in the mantle drive plate tectonics.

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Mantle

It is the biggest and takes up 84 percent of the Earth

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The idea, a foundational concept of plate tectonics, that the Earth's continents move in relation to each other and had once formed a supercontinent called Pangaea.

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Continental Drift

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The concept that the Earth's crust consists of separate plates in constant motion; a central idea of modern earth sciences (geology) since the 1960s.

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Plate Tectonics

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The portions of the Earth's surface or crust that move as a result of movements in the hot, semi-liquid magma beneath them.

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Tectonic Plates

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The use of four strategies to decide whether a story or concept should or should not be trusted. The four strategies are intuition, authority, logic, and evidence

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Claim Testing

I need help finding a wow factor.. thanks

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An extremely long period of time on the geologic time scale.

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Eon

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The second eon in Earth's history, a time from 3.8 to 2.5 million years ago, during which the first living organisms appeared.

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Archaen Eon

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The average distance between the Earth and the Sun, equal to about 92,955,807.3 miles or 149,497,870.7 kilometers.

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Astronomical Unit

1 Astronomical Unit =149 597 871 kilometers

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The billions of years of the Earth’s geologic history.

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Deep Time

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The scientific study of the Earth including its composition and history

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Geology

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the science dealing with the areal differentiation of the earth's surface

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Geography

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Degrees of magnification, or perspective, used to measure time, space, and size.

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Scale

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An object, smaller than a planet, that was shaped by accretion during the formation of the Solar System.

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Planetesimals

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small bodies orbiting the Sun

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Comets Asteroids

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Identify three types of tectonic plate movement

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Divergent- Two plates move away from each other
Convergent- Collision of two plates
Transform- Two plates slide by one another

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Identify two types of crust

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Continental Crust: thick, lightweight crust under landmasses.

Oceanic Crust: thin, heavy crust under the seafloor.

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Identify the chemical abundances of the universe

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Hydrogen (75%) Helium (23%)

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Identify the chemical abundances of earths crust

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Oxygen (46%) Silicon (27%) Aluminum (8%)

Iron (6%) Calcium (5%) Magnessium (3%)

Sodium (2%) Potassium (2%)

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Identify the chemical abundances of the sun

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Hydrogen (75%) Helium (23%) Oxygen (1%)

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Describe the conditions of early earth

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lots of radiation,

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What does the core consist of?

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Nickel and Iron

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What does the mantle consist of?

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light semi molten rocks

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What does the crust consist of?

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Very light rocks such as basalts and granites

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What was the young earth like?

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molten lava
no oxygen
asteroids and meteorites all over the place
high levels of radiation

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A person who produced evidence in 1912 that the continents are in motion, but because he could not explain what forces could move them, geologist reflected his ideas

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Alfred Wegner

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A person who confirmed Wegner's ideas by using the evidence of seafloor spreading to explain what moved continents

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Harry Hess

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This person compared the position of the sun's rays in two locations to calculate the spherical size of the Earth with reasonable accuracy

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Eratosthenes

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Name the three eons with the years

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1.Hadean- 4.5b years ago until 4b years go
2. Archean and Proterozoic - 4b years ago until 500 million years ago

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eons
areas
periods

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the time