Science Chpt 15

Front 1

Composition of the Earth:
The outer most layer of the Earth is called the ____ _____.

Back 1

Earth's crust

Front 2

Composition of the Earth:
Name 2 types of crust

Back 2

oceanic
continental

Front 3

Composition of the Earth:
The layer of rock between the crust and the core is the ___.

Back 3

Mantle

Front 4

Composition of the Earth:
What is the mantle's density?

Back 4

2,900 km thick

Front 5

Composition of the Earth:
The central part of the Earth below the mantle is the ____.

Back 5

core

Front 6

Composition of the Earth:
What is the Core's composition?

Back 6

iron, nickel, silicon, aluminum, magnesium

Front 7

Physical Structure of Earth:
Outermost rigid layer of earth is the _______

Back 7

Lithosphere

Front 8

Physical Structure of Earth:
The plastic layer of mantle is the ___________

Back 8

Asthenosphere

Front 9

Physical Structure of Earth:
The lower part of the mantle between the asthosphere and outer core is the ______

Back 9

Mesosphere

Front 10

Physical Structure of Earth:
The lies beneath the mantle.

Back 10

Outer Core

Front 11

Physical Structure of Earth:
The center of the Earth is called the _______.

Back 11

Inner Core

Front 12

Tectonic Plates:
Pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthsphere are called _______ plates.

Back 12

Tetonic

Front 13

Tectonic Plates:
Tetonic plates are like a giant
_______ __________.

Back 13

jigsaw puzzle

Front 14

Tectonic Plates:
Tetonic plates are also like ____
_____ floating in a bowl of punch.

Back 14

ice cubes

Front 15

Mapping the Earth's interior:
How do scientists know?

Back 15

Earthquakes

Front 16

Mapping the Earth's interior:
What machines are used?

Back 16

Seismographs

Front 17

Alfred Wagner came up with a hypothesis about ________
_________.

Back 17

Continental drifts

Front 18

What evidence supports the continental drift theory?

Back 18

Fossils and plants

Front 19

Pangaea broke into what 2 pieces?

Back 19

Laurasia
Gondwana

Front 20

Name 2 types of sea floor spreading.

Back 20

Midocean ridges
Seafloor spreading

Front 21

What are mid-ocean ridges?

Back 21

Places where sea floor spreading takes place

Front 22

What is sea-floor spreading?

Back 22

the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface & solidifies

Front 23

What evidence do we have of sea-floor spreading??

Back 23

Magnetic reversals recorded in the ocean floor

Front 24

When 2 tetonic plates collide this called a ________ ________.

Back 24

convergent boundary

Front 25

When 2 tetonic plates separate this is called a ________ _______.

Back 25

divergent boundary

Front 26

When 2 tetonic plates slide past each other horizontally this is called _______ ________.

Back 26

transform boundary

Front 27

Name 3 possible causes of tetonic plate motion.

Back 27

Ridge Push
Convection
Slab pull

Front 28

What is ridge push?

Back 28

slides down under the force of gravity

Front 29

What is does convection cause?

Back 29

It causes the oceanic lithosphere to move sideways and away from the mid-ocean ridge.

Front 30

What is slab pull?

Back 30

Occurs when a tetonic plate that contains oceanic lithosphere sinls and pulls the rest of the tetonic plate with it.

Front 31

A system of satellites scientists use to measure the rate of tetonic plate movement is called _____ ______ ______.

Back 31

Global Positioning System.

Front 32

How is GPS movement measured?

Back 32

Centimeters per year

Front 33

What is deformation?

Back 33

the process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress

Front 34

What is compression?

Back 34

Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object

Front 35

What is tension?

Back 35

Occurs when forces act to stretch an object.

Front 36

What is folding?

Back 36

The bending of rock layers because of stress

Front 37

Name 3 types of folding?

Back 37

Anticlines
Synclines
Monocline

Front 38

What are anticlines?

Back 38

Upward-arching folds

Front 39

What are synclines?

Back 39

Downward, troughlike folds

Front 40

What is a moncline?

Back 40

Occures when rock layers are folded so that both ends of the fold are horizontal.

Front 41

What is a fault?

Back 41

a break in the body of a rock along which one block slides relative to another

Front 42

What is a normal fault?

Back 42

It causes a hanging wall to move down relative to the footwall.

Front 43

When does a normal fault usually occur?

Back 43

When tetonic forces cause tension that pulls rocks apart.

Front 44

What is a reverse fault?

Back 44

Causes a hanging wall to move up relative to a footwall. It is the opposite of a normal fault.

Front 45

What is a strike-slip fault?

Back 45

This forms when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.

Front 46

Folded mountains form when______________________.

Back 46

rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward.

Front 47

Fault-block mountains form when ______________________.

Back 47

tension causes large blocks of Earth's crust to drop down.

Front 48

Volcanic mountains form when _____________________________.

Back 48

rocks in subduction zones melt and form magma which rises to the Earth's surface and erupts.

Front 49

Name 3 types of volcanos.

Back 49

Shield Volcanos
Cinder Cone Volcanos
Composite Vocanos

Front 50

How are Shield Volcanoes built?

Back 50

Layers of lava are released from repeated nonexplosive eruptions

Front 51

What are Cinder Cone Volcanoes made of?

Back 51

Pyroclastic material usually prduced from moderately explosive eruptions.

Front 52

What are the most common types of volcanoes?

Back 52

Composite

Front 53

How are composite volcanoes formed?

Back 53

From explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material and by quieter flows of lava.