Science Chemistry

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One

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Mono

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Two

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Di

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Three

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Tri

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Four

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Tetra

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Five

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Penta

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Six

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Hexa

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Seven

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Hepta

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Eight

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Octa

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Nine

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Nona

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Ten

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Deca

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Chemistry

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The study of Matter, its properties and changes it can undergo.

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Reactants

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The materials present at the start of a reaction.

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Products

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The materials created in a chemical reaction.

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Matter

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Anything that has mass and volume.

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Mass

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Amount of material in a substance. Measured in grams (g)

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Volume

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Space occupied by an object.

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Pure chemistry

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Deals with describing known substances and discovering new compounds.

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Applied chemistry

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Is the search for the uses for chemical substances.

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Chemists

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Discover new materials and their properties

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Technologists

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Adapt materials to meet your needs.

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HHPS

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Hazardous Household Products Symbols - 4 symbols used on household products.

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WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System)

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Designed to warn people of the hazards associated with chemical substances in the workplace.

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MSDS (Materials Safety Data Sheet)

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Each package of chemicals purchased in a school laboratory comes with a MSDS which lists nine categories or sections of information.

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DOT symbols

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Symbols are diamond shaped with numbers.

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Ionic bond

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Transfer of electrons between atoms

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Covalent bond

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Sharing of electrons between atoms

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Atom

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The smallest part of matter

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Molecules

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Combination of 2 or more atoms.

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Elements

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Are substances composed of only one type of atom. All atoms are the same in the substance.

Note: Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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Monoatomic elements

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Are elements consisting of single atoms

Note: All metals in the periodic table are monoatomic.

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Diatomic elements

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Elements consisting of Molecules having 2 atoms each.

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O2

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Oxygen

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H2

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Hydrogen

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N2

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Nitogen

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F2

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Fluorine

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Cl2

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Chlorine

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Br2

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Bromine

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I2

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Iodine

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Polyatomic elements

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These are elements with molecules having greater than 2 atoms.

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Sulphur

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S8

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Phosphorus

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P4

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Selenium

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Se8

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Compound

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A molecule that contains two or more different types of atoms or ions.

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Formula

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A formula shows the number and types of atoms in a substance.

Ex: H2O = There are 2 elements which means that H2O is also a compound and a molecule.

There are a total of 3 atoms, 2 Hydrogen atoms, and 1 Oxygen atom.

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Molecular formula

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Indicates the total number of atoms in one molecule.

Ex: H2O = 3 total atoms, 2 Hydrogen atoms, and 1 Oxygen atom.

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Empirical formula

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The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound.

EX: C6H12O6 = CH2O 1:2:1

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IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)

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This organization has determined a set of rules to be used for naming chemicals. Its purpose is to set international guidelines so that all scientist follow the same rules.

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Chemical bonding

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Chemical bonding is the force of attraction between atoms.

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Metalloid

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A non metallic element, such as Arsenic, that has some of the chemical properties of a metal or such as carbon that can form an alloy with metals.

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Covalent bonding

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Bonding that occurs between nonmetal atoms.

A force of attraction causes the bond.

There is a sharing of electrons between the atoms.

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Covalent

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Sharing of valence electrons.

(Might not be right.)

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The unit formed by a covalent bond is called a molecule is neutral it has no charge.

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The unit formed by a covalent bond is called a molecule is neutral it has no charge.

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Ionic bonding

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A bond caused by a force of attraction between metal and nonmetal ions.

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Ion

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A charged particle. An atom with a charge.

Ex Na atom Na+ = ion

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There are two types of charges on ions

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There are two types of charges on ions

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Positive charges are called

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Cations.

Ex Ca2+, Na1+, H1+

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Negative charges are called

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Anions

Ex O2-, N3-, Cl1-

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How are ions created?

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Ions are created when atoms gain or lose electrons.

This causes an imbalance between the number of protons (+) and electrons (-) in an atom resulting in a charge on the atom.

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Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions.

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Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions.

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Nonmetal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged.

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Nonmetal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged.

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Polyatomic ions

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These are ions that exist as a group of atoms held together. There is only one charge (+ or -) on the entire group.

These are not found in the periodic table but in the table of polyatomic ions.

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O3

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Ozone

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H2O

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Water

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H2O2

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Hydrogen peroxide

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NH3

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Ammonia

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CH4

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Methane

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CH3OH/CH4O

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Methanol

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C2H5OH/C2H6O

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Ethanol

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C12H22O11

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Sucrose