Science - Chemistry 👨🏻‍🔬

Front 1

What is the name given to different energy levels electrons are found in?

Back 1

Electron Shells

Front 2

__ electrons are needed to fill the first shell.

Back 2

2

Front 3

__ electrons are needed to fill the second shell.

Back 3

8

Front 4

An __ is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

Back 4

ion

Front 5

An oxide ion is formed from an oxygen atom. Explain how it is formed.

Back 5

An oxide ion is formed when an oxygen atom gains 2 extra electrons in its outermost shell.

Front 6

Does Oxygen form positive or negative ions?

Back 6

Negative

Front 7

Does Boron form positive or negative ions?

Back 7

Positive

Front 8

Does Chlorine form positive or negative ions?

Back 8

Negative

Front 9

Does Lithium form positive or negative ions?

Back 9

Positive

Front 10

The ion formed from a zinc atom has the symbol of Zn2+. Does the zinc atom lose or gain electrons to form the ion?

Back 10

Loses electrons

Front 11

How many electrons does it gain or lose to form the ion?

Back 11

2

Front 12

Sodium Atom (Na)

Sodium-ion (Na+)

Explain why the sodium ion carries a positive charge.

Back 12

The sodium ion has 10 electrons which each carry a negative charge, but 11 protons which each carry a positive charge.

Front 13

How many electrons are there in:

a neutral carbon atom with 6 protons?

Back 13

6

Front 14

a neutral neon atom with 10 protons?

Back 14

10

Front 15

The difference between the mass number and the atomic mass of an element?

Back 15

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons of an atom whereas atomic mass is the weighted average of naturally occurring isotopes of the atom.

Front 16

As you go across the periodic table from left to right, the metallic character of the elements _____

Back 16

decrease

Front 17

True or false? The period number tells us the number of electron shells around the nucleus.

Back 17

True

Front 18

If an element has seven electrons in its outer shell, it is a __________

Back 18

non-metal

Front 19

What's special about elements that already have eight electrons in their outer shell?

Back 19

Elements that already have eight electrons in their outer shell have a full outer energy level which means that they're very stably and rarely react with other elements.

Front 20

An ___ is an atom that has gained or lost electrons and therefore carries an electrical charge.

Back 20

ion

Front 21

Describe how ions form

Back 21

Ions form when an element either receives or loses a positively charged (proton) or negatively charged (negative) particle.

Front 22

A positively charged ion is called a _____

Back 22

Cation

Front 23

A negatively charged ion is called an _____

Back 23

Anion

Front 24

Recall some properties most ionic compounds have in common

Back 24

High melting points, soluble in water to form conductive aqueous solutions.

Front 25

True or False? Metals and transition elements combine to form ionic compounds.

Back 25

False

Front 26

Identify how many electrons have been gained or lost:

Pb4+. __ electrons ____

Back 26

4 electrons lost

Front 27

Br-. __ electrons ____

Back 27

1 electron gained

Front 28

Cr3+. __ electrons ____

Back 28

3 electrons lost

Front 29

True or False? Non-metal elements combine to form covalent compounds.

Back 29

True

Front 30

A _______ bond occurs when two atoms share their outer shell electrons

Back 30

Covalent

Front 31

What does an element's dot diagram represent?

Back 31

It represents the symbol for the atom and the arrangement of valence electrons.

Front 32

What properties do covalent compounds have in common?

Back 32

They exist as solids, liquids, or gases with low melting points. They usually don't conduct electricity and are insoluble in water.

Front 33

In a single covalent bond, ___ electrons are involved

Back 33

Two

Front 34

In a triple covalent bond, ___ electrons are involved

Back 34

Six

Back 35

One Triple bond, two Double bonds

Front 36

Why don't noble gases usually form covalent compounds?

Back 36

The full valence electron shells of the atoms make noble gases extremely stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds as they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons.

Front 37

A _______ formula is a shorthand way of writing the name of a compound or molecular element.

Back 37

chemical.

e.g. NaCl (Chemical formula for Sodium Chloride)

Front 38

The _______ formula is a way of describing the number and type of atoms that join to form a molecule.

Back 38

molecular.

e.g. H2O (Molecular formula for Water)

Front 39

How is the valency of an element determined?

Back 39

The valency of an element is equal to the number of electrons each atom would need to gain, lose, or share to fill its outer shell.

Front 40

Things In the Exam:

Draw an Atom

Memorize how to draw the first 20 elements

Electron configuration

Combine Elements

Replace electrons (Single, Double, Triple)

Neutralization Reaction

Properties of metals and non-metals

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Atomic Weight = Protons + Neutrons

Blue Litmus --> (Red) Acidic

Red Litmus --> (Blue) Base

Acid + Base --> Salt + Water

Back 40

Good luck!