Science Chapter I Lesson I Earth's Interior

Front 1

Seismic Waves

Back 1

Vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake

Front 2

Pressure

Back 2

The force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted;force pressing on an area.

Front 3

Crust

Back 3

The layer of rock that forms earth's outer surface

Front 4

Basalt

Back 4

A dark dense igneous rock with a fine texture, found in an oceanic crust

Front 5

Granite

Back 5

A usually ligth colored igneous rock that is found in continental rock

Front 6

Mantle

Back 6

The layer of hot solic material between Earth's crust and core

Front 7

Lithosphere

Back 7

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust

Front 8

Asthenosphere

Back 8

The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats

Front 9

Outer Core

Back 9

A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core

Front 10

Inner Core

Back 10

A dense ball of solid iron and nickel at the center of the earth

Front 11

Radiation

Back 11

Heat transfer through space

Front 12

Conduction

Back 12

Heat transfer within a material or between materials that are touching

Front 13

Convection

Back 13

Heat transfer by the movement of currents within a fluid

Front 14

Density

Back 14

A measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance

Front 15

Convection Currents

Back 15

The flow that transfers heat within a fluid, or the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperatures that transfers heat from one part of a fluid to another

Front 16

Continental Drift

Back 16

The hypothethis of continents slowly moved over earth's surface

Front 17

pangea

Back 17

the name of the of single landmass that broke200 milion years ago and gave rise to todays contients

Front 18

fossil

Back 18

any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock

Front 19

mid-ocean ridge

Back 19

an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced;a divergent plate boundry

Front 20

sonar

Back 20

a divice that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves

Front 21

sea-floor spreading

Back 21

The process by which molten materials adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor

Front 22

Deep-Ocean Trench

Back 22

A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle

Front 23

Subduction

Back 23

Process which ocean floor sink beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergant plate boundary

Front 24

Plate

Back 24

A section of the lethosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust

Front 25

Scientific Theory

Back 25

A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

Front 26

Plate Tectonics

Back 26

Pieces of earth's lithospher are in constant motion driven by convection currents into the mantle

Front 27

Fault

Back 27

Breaks the earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other from along these boundaries

Front 28

Divergent Boundary

Back 28

A plate boundary, where two plates move apart, move away, or diverge from each other

Front 29

Rift Valley

Back 29

A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart on land

Front 30

Convergant Boundary

Back 30

When two plates moe toward each other

Front 31

transform boundry

Back 31

a place where two plates slip past each other in the opposite directions