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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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smallest particle of an element
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atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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nucleus
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Tiny region in its center
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protons
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Positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus
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energy level
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Specific amount of energy
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neutrons
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No electric charge and are also found in the nucleus of atoms
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atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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isotopes
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Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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mass number
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Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass
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The average mass of all the isotopes of an element.
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periodic table
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a chart of all of the elements
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periods
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horizontal rows
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groups
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vertical columns
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electrons
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Negatively charged particles
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chemical symbol
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A representation of an element usually consisting of one or two letters.
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metal
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Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
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malleable material
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Material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes.
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ductile material
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Material that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire
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thermal conductivity
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Ability of an object to transfer heat
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electrical conductivity
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Ability of an object to transfer electric current
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reactivity
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The ease and speed with which a substance reacts with other substances
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corrosion
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The gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction
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alkaline earth metals
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Group 2 of the periodic table. Fairly hard, gray-white, and a good conductor of electricity
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transition metals
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Group 3 through 12 of the periodic table. Most are hard and shiny. All are good conductors of electric current.
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particle accelerators
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Move atomic nuclei faster and faster until they have reached very high speeds.
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nonmetal
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Most are poor conductors of electric current and heat. When solid, dull and brittle.
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diatomic molecule
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A molecule that consists of two atoms
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halogens
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Group 17 of the periodic table. Typically gains or shares one electron when it reacts with other elements.
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inert gases
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Group 18 of the periodic table. They tend to be unreactive
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semimetals
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Properties of metals and nonmetals. All are solids at room temperature. They are brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive.
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semiconductors
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Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions
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radioactive decay
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The atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy during this.
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alpha particle
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Consists of two protons and two neutrons and is positively charged
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beta particle
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A fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay
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gamma radiation
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Consists of high-energy waves, similar to X-rays
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tracers
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radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process
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valence electrons
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Those electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely.
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electron dot diagram
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Includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots. Each dot stands for one valence electron
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chemical bond
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The force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them
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ion
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An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. When it loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and becomes positive.
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polyatomic ions
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Ions that are made of more than one atom
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ionic bond
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The attraction between two oppositely charged ions
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ionic compound
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A compound that consists of positive and negative ions
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chemical formula
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A combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound
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subscript
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The ratio of elements in the compound
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covalent bond
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The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
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molecule
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A neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds
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double bond
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When two atoms share two pairs of electrons
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molecular compound
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Composed of molecules. The molecules contain atoms that are covalently bonded.
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polar bond
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A covalent bond in which electrons are unequally shared
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Nonpolar bond
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A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
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alloy
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A mixture made of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
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metallic bond
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An attraction between a positive metal ion and the many electrons surrounding it
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