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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does aphelion and perihelion mean?
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Aphelion-further away from the sun
Perihelion- closer |
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What is a solstice and an equinox?
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Solstice- When the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23* N. and 23* S. First day of summer = summer solstice
first day of winter = winter solstice Equinox- when the noon sun is directly over the equator [halfway between two solstices] |
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What is the cause of the seasons?
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The earth's tilt.
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Which direction is earlier for time zones?
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West = earlier
East = later |
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What landforms are on the moon? Describe them.
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Marias, rilles, craters, and highlands.
Marias- dark regions [plains] rilles- valleys craters- circular indentations highlands- mountainous terrain |
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How long does it take for the moon to make one revolution around the Earth?
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27.3 days
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What is perigee and apigee?
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Perigee- the moon's closest point to earth
Apigee- the point furthest away |
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Describe all the theories of how the moon was created.
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Daughter theory- piece of earth broke off [wrong]
sister theory- both formed from rock and dust [wrong] capture theory- formed elsewhere, captured by earth's gravity [wrong] impact knocked material from earth, material was captured and formed moon [right] |
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What are the phases of the moon?
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New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent.
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What is an eclipse?
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When one planet passes between the sun and another body.
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What are the umbras and penumbras of an eclipse?
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Umbra- area where light is completely blocked
Penumbra- some light gets through |
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Describe spring tides.
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A spring tide occurs during the full and new moons. The sun, earth, and moon are in a straight line. It has higher high tides and lower low tides.
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Describe neap tides.
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Neap tides occur during 1st and last quarters. The sun, moon, and earth are at a right angle, and it has higher low tides and lower high tides.
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What is nuclear fusion?
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Nuclear fusion is the conversion when the matter contained in four hydrogen nuclei rearranges to create a helium nucleus. It occurs in the core.
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Describe the three layers of the sun.
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From the inside out- the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Photosphere: outermost layer of visible matter
Chromosphere: second layer Corona: third and outermost layer |
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What activity takes place on the sun?
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Solar wind, prominences, sunspots, and solar flares.
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What is solar wind?
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The corona sends a stream of high energy particles into space. Charged particles from the wind may create a beautiful display of lights [Northern Lights]
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What are sunspots, prominences, and solar flares?
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The cooler spots, an arch stretching from sunspot to sunspot, and an intense spurt of electromagnetic radiation
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How did the solar system form?
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The solar system began as a large swirling sphere of gas and dust. The particles grew together because of gravitational attraction, and 95% of the matter accumulated at the center of the disk.
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Name the 8 planets and the one dwarf planet.
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Mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, [dwarf:] pluto.
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Which are the inner planets and which are the outer?
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From mercury to mars are the inner, and jupiter on are the outer. All the outer planets have rings except pluto.
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What is inertia?
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An object's motion will not be changed unless it is acted on by an outside force.
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Describe asteroids, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, and comets.
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Asteroid- small shaped body that revolves around the sun [belt is between mars and jupiter]
Meteoroid- smaller than an asteroid Meteor- light in night sky resulting from meteoroid [burns up] Meteorite- meteoroid that hits earth Comet- orbits around sun beyond pluto, made of ice, tail is gases that evaporate |
