Science Chapter 18

Front 1

nutrients

Back 1

Your body needs nutrients found in foods, Nutrients provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair, You need energy for every activity and to maintain a steady internal temperature

Front 2

Proteins

Back 2

Used for replacement and repair of body cells and for growth, Made up of amino acids, Found in eggs, milk, cheese, and meat, Essential amino acids must be supplied by food

Front 3

Carbohydrate

Back 3

The main source of energy for your body, Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; energy holds these atoms together

Front 4

sugars

Back 4

Sugars are simple carbohydrates; starch and fiber are complex carbohydrates, Sugars are found in fruits, honey, and milk

Front 5

starches

Back 5

Starches are found in potatoes and pasta

Front 6

fiber

Back 6

Fiber is found in whole-grain breads, beans, and peas

Front 7

Fats

Back 7

Also called lipids, Provide energy and help your body absorb vitamins, Because fat is a good storage unit for energy, any excess energy is converted to fat, Classified as unsaturated or saturated based on their chemical structure

Front 8

Saturated fats

Back 8

Saturated fats are associated with high cholesterol

Front 9

Vitamins

Back 9

Needed for growth, regulating body functions, and preventing disease, A well-balanced diet usually gives your body all the vitamins it needs, Two groups: water-soluble and fat-soluble

Front 10

Minerals

Back 10

Are inorganic nutrients, Regulate many chemical reactions in your body, Calcium and phosphorus are used most by the body

Front 11

Water

Back 11

Required for survival, Cells need water to carry out their work, Most nutrients your body needs must be dissolved in water, The human body is about 60 percent water, You lose water each day when you perspire, exhale, and get rid of wastes

Front 12

Food Groups

Back 12

Because no food has every nutrient, you should eat a variety of foods, The food pyramid helps people select foods that supply all the nutrients they need, Foods that contain the same nutrients belong to a food group

Front 13

Five food groups

Back 13

a. Bread and cereal
b. Vegetable
c. Fruit
d. Milk
e. Meat

Front 14

Digestion

Back 14

breaks food down into small molecules that can be absorbed by blood

Front 15

Mechanical digestion

Back 15

food is chewed, mixed, and churned

Front 16

Chemical digestion

Back 16

chemical reactions break down food

Front 17

Enzymes

Back 17

Type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body, Many enzymes are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Front 18

Accessory organs

Back 18

food does not pass through them, Include the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 19

Digestive tract (mouth)

Back 19

Mouth—Here, your tongue, teeth, and saliva change food into a soft mass,

Front 20

Digestive tract (esophagus)

Back 20

Esophagus—muscular tube moves food to the stomach using peristalsis, or waves of muscle contractions

Front 21

Digestive tract (stomach)

Back 21

Stomach—Here, food is digested mechanically by peristalsis and chemically by digestive solutions with the help of enzymes. Food becomes a thin, watery liquid called chyme

Front 22

Digestive tract (small intestine)

Back 22

Small intestine—Villi increase the surface area to increase absorption. Blood transports the absorbed nutrients to cells

Front 23

Digestive tract (large intestine)

Back 23

Large intestine—Absorbs water from undigested chyme. Peristalsis slows down so chyme can be in the large intestines as long as three days. The rectum and anus control the release of solid wastes from the body

Front 24

bacteria

Back 24

Bacteria live in many of the organs of your digestive tract and make vitamins your body needs