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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is soil made of?
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weathered rock particles, organic matter, and moisture
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mechanical weathering
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ice wedge
pressure release "exfoliation" plant root growth abrasion |
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chemical weathering
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dissolving "decomposition
oxidation "rusting" |
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factors affecting weathering
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climate: hot and dry- less weathering
warm moist and cold- more weathering rock composition particle size |
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what is in soil
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organic matter-5%
weathered rock particles-45% moisture-20% air-20% |
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why is soil a necessary resource
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sustains life on earth- plants grow in soil.
purifies water other organisms live in the soil |
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how man affects soil
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plowing
improper use of fertilizer over grazing animals |
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plowing
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-strip off plants
-break open and expose all horizons |
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improper use of fertilizer
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-kills soil microrganisms
-can go into water ways affecting fish |
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over grazing animals
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-animals eat plants down to and including the roots
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construction and development
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stripping of plants/soil for clearing land
-wind and water erosion:soil ends up in water ways |
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what types of mining affects the soil the most
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strip mining and open pit
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mining
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removing surface soil and plants
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how can soil be protected
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stop loss of soil
keep soil use practicle |
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common methods of soil protection
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crop rotation
letting a field fallow conservation tillage terraces contour plowing wind breaks |
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crop rotation
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plant different types of plants in a field over time
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fallow
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nothing planted in a field
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conservation tillage
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just breaking ground no overturning
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terraces
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used on steep sides of hills and mountains
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contour plowing
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making the rows at an angle
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wind breaks
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trees are used to slow down wind crossing a feild
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is the process by which natural forces break down rocks
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weathering
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the breaking up of rocks by physical forces
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mechanical weathering
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is a process by which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off
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exfoliation
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is the process of wearing down by friction
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abrasion
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is the breakdown of rock by chemical reactions that change the rocks makeup
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chemical weathering
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the decayed organic matter in soil
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humus
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is a layer of soil with properties that differ from those of the layer above or below
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soil horizons
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the soil horizons in specific location
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soil profile
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