Science Ch. 7

Front 1

3 Principles of the cell theory

Back 1

-All living things are composed of cells
-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
-New cells are produced from existing cells

Front 2

How do researchers follow molecules moving through the cell?

Back 2

Florescent lights and microscopes

Front 3

List the similarities and differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Back 3

Prokaryotes - simpler and smaller than eukaryotes, cell membrane but no nucleus
Eukaryotes - contain nucleus, special organelles, genetic material; includes animals

Front 4

What organisms are prokaryotic?

Back 4

Bacteria

Front 5

List the similarities and differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Back 5

Prokaryotes - simpler and smaller than eukaryotes, cell membrane but no nucleus
Eukaryotes - contain nucleus, special organelles, genetic material; includes animals

Front 6

Why is the nucleus so important to a cell?

Back 6

Contains coded instructions to make proteins

Front 7

Function of a lysosome

Back 7

Breaks down food and molecules so the cell can use them

Front 8

Function of a ribosome

Back 8

Produce protein using coded instructions that come from the nucleus

Front 9

Function of a mitochondria

Back 9

Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; provide cells w/energy

Front 10

Function of a chloroplast

Back 10

Provide cells with energy

Front 11

Function of a microtubules

Back 11

Carry out cell movement; made of tubulin

Front 12

Function of a microfilament

Back 12

Carry out cell movement; made of actin

Front 13

Function of a cytoskeleton

Back 13

Helps cell maintain it's shape

Front 14

Function of a cell membrane

Back 14

Contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other make out of proteins; place where the cell takes in food and water; eliminates waste

Front 15

Function of a nucleolus

Back 15

Assembly of ribosomes

Front 16

Function of a cytoplasm

Back 16

Between the cell membrane and nucleus

Front 17

Trace the path of a protein in a cell

Back 17

Nucleolus>Ribosome>Rough ER>Golgi apparatus>Released from the cell

Front 18

Compare and contrast a cell wall and a cell membrane

Back 18

Cell wall-strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants algae, and some bacteria; tough fibers
Cell membrane-thin, flexible barrier around the cell
All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm; selectively permimable

Front 19

List organisms that have a cell wall or a cell membrane or both

Back 19

Cell membrane-all organisms
Both-plants, some bacteria, fungi
**No organisms have just a cell wall

Front 20

What role do proteins play in the cell membrane?

Back 20

They form channels and pumps that help to move material across the cell membrane

Front 21

Explain Diffusion

Back 21

Diffusion of solute particles form an area of high concentration to low concentration. No energy is required. Passing through the cell membrane, molecules continue to move even in equilibrium but there is no movement

Front 22

What's the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

Back 22

Active transport-cells must move materials in the opposite direction, against a concentration difference; requires energy
Facilitated diffusion-no energy, large molecules that can't cross the lipid bilayer can still move across with a concentration. occurs only with concentration difference

Front 23

Explain hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.

Back 23

Hypertonic-the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Hypotonic-the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes; Red blood cell placed in pure water will burst/swell
Isotonic-concentration of 2 solutions is the same (equilibrium)

Front 24

List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism

Back 24

cells, tissues, organs, organ system

Front 25

What makes up cilia and flagella?

Back 25

microtubules which are protein filaments

Front 26

List 3 substances that can pass through the cell wall

Back 26

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Front 27

Define cell specialization

Back 27

Separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms

Front 28

Explain the role of a vacuole in a plant and animal cell

Back 28

Store materials-water, salts, proteins, and carbs

Front 29

What is a concentration gradient and does a cell use it to its advantage?

Back 29

Movement from high concentration to low concentration - uses less energy

Front 30

What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.5% if it were placed in a salt solution with a concentration of 20%? Why?

Back 30

Water would leave the cell because the water concentration is higher in the cell so it moves to a lower concentration thus the cell will shrink