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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
earth science
the study of the earth and of the universe around it
career focus
a special feature that appearsin each unit of this book, offers detailed info about careers in earth science
geology
the study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth and the processes that shape it
oceanography
the study of the earth's oceans
meteorology
the study of the earth's atmosphere
astronomy
the study of the universe beyond the earth
geosphere
the solid earth
hydrosphere
earth's water
atmosphere
the gases surrounding the earth
ecology
the study of the complex relationships between living things and their environment
ecosystem
a community of organisms and the environment they inhabit
oikos
Greek word. means "house". where the terms ecology and ecosystem
biosphere
the largest ecosystem that encompasses all life on earth and the physical environment that supports it
photosynthesis
the process in which plants use sunlight to produce food
pollution
the contamination of the environment with waste products or impurities
biodegradable
waste products that can be broken down by microorganisms into harmless substances that can then be used
scientific methods
organized, logical approaches to scientific research
observation
using the senses of sight, touch, taste, hearing, and smell to gather info about the world
measurement
an important means of gathering info. involves the comparison of some aspect of an object or phenomenon with a standard unit
hypothesis
a posible explanation of solution to the problem
experimentation
a scientific procedure carried out according to certain guidelines
variable
a factor in an experiment that can be changed
controlled experiment
an experiment et up to test a variable
theory
a hypothesis or a set of hypotheses that is supported by the results of experimentation and observation
scientific law
a rule that correctly describes a natural phenomenon
spectrum
when sunlight passes through a glass prism and produces a rainbow of colors
wavelength
the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next
elements
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler form by ordinary chemical means
bright-line spectrum
thin colored line spaced at uneven intervals produced by a heated element
Doppler effect
the apparent shift in the wavelengths of energy emitted by an energy source moving away from or toward an observer
spectroscope
contains a prism, which splits starlight into a spectrum of different colors and wavelengths
galaxies
a large system of stars
big bang
sudden event that sent all matter and enery hurtling outward in a giant cloud
backgroung radiation
low levels of energy that are evenly distributed throughtout the universe
big band theory
theory that all matter and energy in he universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that suddenly, billions of years age, began expanding in all directions