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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity
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The genetic transmission of characteristics (traits) from parent to offspring.
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Dominant trait
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- trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.
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Recessive trait
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a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring
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Punnett square
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diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
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Probability
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- A number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences.
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Gene
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- A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes.
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Allele
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one alternative form of a given allelic pair; tall and dwarf are the alleles for the height of a pea plant; more than two alleles can exist for any specific gene, but only two of them will be found within any individual
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Allelic pair
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the combination of two alleles which comprise the gene pair
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Homozygote
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an individual which contains only one allele at the allelic pair; for example DD is homozygous dominant and dd is homozygous recessive; pure lines are homozygous for the gene of interest
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Heterozygote
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an individual which contains one of each member of the gene pair; for example the Dd heterozygote
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Genotype
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- the specific allelic combination for a certain gene or set of genes (i.e. BB, Bb, or bb)
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