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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Heredity
The genetic transmission of characteristics (traits) from parent to offspring.
Dominant trait
- trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.
Recessive trait
a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring
Punnett square
diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Probability
- A number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences.
Gene
- A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes.
Allele
one alternative form of a given allelic pair; tall and dwarf are the alleles for the height of a pea plant; more than two alleles can exist for any specific gene, but only two of them will be found within any individual
Allelic pair
the combination of two alleles which comprise the gene pair
Homozygote
an individual which contains only one allele at the allelic pair; for example DD is homozygous dominant and dd is homozygous recessive; pure lines are homozygous for the gene of interest
Heterozygote
an individual which contains one of each member of the gene pair; for example the Dd heterozygote
Genotype
- the specific allelic combination for a certain gene or set of genes (i.e. BB, Bb, or bb)