Science Biology Vocabulary

Front 1

Organelle

Back 1

Organelles carry out specific functions within the cell. Just as your stomach, lungs, and heart have different functions in your body, each organelle has a different function within the cell.

Front 2

Cell Wall

Back 2

The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving materials that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. It is found in plant cells and in bacteria. It supports bacteria and protects it.

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

After the cell wall, there is the cell membrane. All cells have cell membranes. In cells with cells walls, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall. In other cells, the cell membrane forms outside the boundary that separates the cell from its environment.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

The nucleus acts as the "brain" of the cell. The nucleus is the cell's control center. It controls the cell and directs cell activities including reproduction. The nucleus has three layers:
-the nuclear envelope: protects chromatin (DNA). The materials pass in and out through the pores.
-nucleolus: produces ribososmes
-chromatin

Front 5

Cytoplasm

Back 5

gel- like fluid
region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The cytoplasm dissolves important chemicals needed for life. It also suspends the organelles.

Front 6

Mitochondria

Back 6

POWER HOUSE "Rod-Shaped"
The mitochondria produces energy. Mitochondrion is the plural of Mitochondria. It convertes the energy of food to energy for the cell that can be used. It needs oxygen to get the energy out of food.

Front 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R)

Back 7

The endoplasmic reticulum (E.R) is a passageway that carries materials from one part of the cell to another. It transports proteins from ribosmes to the Golgi Body. Rough E.R is covered in ribosomes. The smooth E.R produces and transports fats throughout the cell.

Front 8

Ribosome

Back 8

The ribosome produces proteins. It floats in the cytoplasm and it is attacher to the E.R (endoplasmic reticulum). The ribosomes read the RNA instructions and use them to make proteins.

Front 9

Golgi Body

Back 9

"Recieves materials from the endoplasmic reticulum". The golgi body also sends it to other parts of the cell, like:
-outside of the cell
-membrane
-lysosome

It also sorts and packages them. It is like the Post Office.

Front 10

Chloroplast

Back 10

The chloroplast captures sunlight then makes energy out of it and then produces food. It is the site of photosynthesis, which is making food from sunlight energy, and CO2. Oxygen is a waste product.

Front 11

Vacuole

Back 11

The vacuole stores food, water, waste, and other materials.
"like the storage room or refrigirator"
Animal cells have have many small ones, or non at all and plant cells have one large one.

Front 12

Lysosome

Back 12

Lysosomes are chemicals that break down food particles and cell parts.
"like a stomach"
It contains digestive enzymes which break down old worn out organelles, and big food particles.

Front 13

Nuclear Envelope

Back 13

The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus. Materials pass in and out of the pores in the nuclear envelope to go to the nucleus.

Front 14

Chromatin

Back 14

Chromatin, which contains genetic material, it is directing the cell's functions. The chromatin contains instructions for running the cell. Those instructions are genes. Copies of genes are called RNA.

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

The nucleolus is floating by the nucleus and it is where ribosomes are made.