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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 essential elemnets to life
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phospherous- 4%
Oxygen- 64% nitrogen- 3% sulfer- 1% Carbon- 18% hydrogen- 18% other- 3% |
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inorganic compound
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lack of carbon
water is the most important inorganic compound |
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functions of water (6)
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dissolves nutirents
transports nutrients remove waste products site of most chemical reaction temperature regulates cushions bones and ligaments |
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organic compound
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contains carbon
simplest organic compound is methane |
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four groups of organic compounds
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1. nucleic acids
2. carbohydrates 3. lipids 4. protien |
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nucleic acids are made from...
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phospate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogen base
this is called a nucleotide |
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2 functions of nucliec acids
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1. stores heredity into (dna)
2. energy carrying molocules |
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3. examples of nuclic acids
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1. deoxyribonucliec acid (dna)--encodes our traits
2. ribonuclic acid--working copy of dna 3. adenisime triphospate (atp)--energy carrying molecule |
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carbohydrate made from
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carbon, 2 hydrogen, oxygen
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functions of carbs
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1. structural molocules
2. provide energy for cellular processes |
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monosaccharides
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simple sugar
-suffix of ose ex. glucose, fuctose |
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disaccarides
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ose suffix
formed by bonding two monosaccharides (dehydration synthesis) ex- sucrose (table sugar) ex- lactose (milk sugar) |
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polysaccharides
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more than 3
also called complex carbs |
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polyscacharides in plants
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1. startch- long glucose chains, used
2. cellulose adds strengh to cell walls of plans (structure) |
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polysaccharides in animals
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1. glycagyn- excess glucose converted into glycagen in the liver
2. somthin about chitin |
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protiens made from
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contain- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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amino acids
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20 amino acids in a protien
12 are non-essential (we can produce them 8 are essential (you must eat them) |
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protien function
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1. the sequence of amino acids
2. the folding pattern of the amino acids |
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protien functions (4)
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1. structutre- muscular hair
2. defense- immune system 3. communication- hormones 4. enzymes- metobloism |
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hormones
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produced by our immune system
chemical messengers protien or lipid based protiens |
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glucagon
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produced by the pancreas, delivered to the liver
breaks down glycagyn |
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Insulin
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produced by the pancreas delivered to the cells
causes cell to take in glucose too much glucose (hyperglycagyn) |
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enzymes
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acts as a catalyst ( speeds up a chemical reaction)
are reusable end in ase suffix |
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enzyme influenced by...
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high temp (speed up ex. benedicts)
ph |
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lipids made from
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cabon, hydrogen and oxygen
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lipid functions (4)
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1. form mambrane around cells
2. provide energy for cellular process 3. chemical messenger (hormones) 4. insulator (heat and energy) |
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cholesterol
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a steriod
based on hormones attaches to blood plasma membrane protiens to form LIPOPROTIENS |
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hdl's
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high density lipoprotiens
good cholestrol most protien least cholesterol |
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ldl's
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"bad cholesterol"
transport cholesteroal to the cells and blood vessels |
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saturated fat
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solid at room temp.
increase ldl's animal products |
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unsaturated
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liquid at room temp.
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mono- unsaturated
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lowers ldl's and hdl's
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poly- unsaturated
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can lower ldl and hdl's
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tans fat
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unsaturated fats acting like sturated fat
artificially made converts vergatble oil into solid fat raises ldl's and lowers hdl's |
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trans fat tricks
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fully hydrogenated is ok and trans fat free
partially hydrated is trans fat |
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3 common lipids
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1. cholesterol
2. unsaturated 3. trans fat |
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blood ph
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must be close to 7.4
death is below 6.9 and above 7.8 |
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ions
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negative charge
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isotpes
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same element with a different mass/ more neutrons
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5 parts to an atom
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electron cloud, proton, electron, neutron, and nuleus
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