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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an element?
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A substance which can no longer be broken down chemically. Sodium can't be further broken down chemically and is therefore an element unlike sodium chloride which can be broken down into sodium and chlorine.
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An atom is?
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The smallest individual particle that has all the properties of a given chemical element. About the size of 0.00000000010 of a meter
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Protons are?
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Are the positively charged part of an atom. Protons clump with the neutron to form the nucleus.
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Neutrons are?
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Neutrally charged part of an atom which helps form the nucleus.
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Electrons are
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The negatively charged part of an atom which orbits the nucleus.
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The atomic number is...
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How many protons are in an atom and gives the atom its special chemical characteristics.
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Chemical elements are organized by...
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Atomic number starting with hydrogen with 1 proton moving down the list to uranium with 92 protons.
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Mass number is?
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The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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An ion is?
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An atom that has an excess of positive or negative electrical charge caused by the loss, addidion or sharing of an electron
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Cation is?
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When an atom has given up electrons and has a positive charge. Example: Li+ is lithium which is a cation that has given up an electron.
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An anion is?
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When the atom has gained electrons and has a negative charge. Example: F- is Fluorine which is an anion that has gained an electron & so has a negative charge.
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Chemical compounds are?
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Chemical compounds form when one or more anions combine with one or more cations. Example: lithium and fluorine combine to form the compound lithium fluoride, LiF.
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The correct way to write a chemical compound?
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The cation is writen first & the anion 2nd. The numbers of cations or anions in the compound are indicated by subscripts. like H20
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What is the smallest unit that has all the properties of a given compound?
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A molecule which always consists of 2 or more atoms held together.
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What is the force that holds to 2 atoms together as a molecule?
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Bonding.
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To be classified as a mineral a substance must meet 5 requirements.
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1. It must be naturally formed.
2. It must be solid. 3. It must be inorganic. 4. It must have a specific chemical composition. 5. It must have a characterstic crystal structure. |
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To be classified as a mineral a substance must meet 5 requirements.
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1. It must be naturally formed.
2. It must be solid. 3. It must be inorganic. 4. It must have a specific chemical composition. 5. It must have a characterstic crystal structure. |
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A crystal is?
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Any solid body that grows with flat planar surfaces.
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Crystal faces are?
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The planar surfaces that bind a crystal.
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The geometric aragement of of crystal faces is called?
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Crystal form
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Some minerals grow such distinctively shaped grains that the shape of the grains are called...
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The habbit and can be identified as an identification tool.
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The tendency of a mineral to break in preferred directions along planar surfaces is called...
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Clevage. Most minwerals break or cleave more easily in some directions then others.
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Cleavage takes place along planes where...
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Bonds between atoms are relatively weak.
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Hardness refers to a mineral's resistance to?
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Scratching. The stronger the bonds of the atoms the harder the mineral.
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The Mohs' relative hardness scale has how many steps?
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10. Talc being the softest is 1. Diamond, the hardest is 10.
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Steps on the Mohs' relative hardness scale. Each mineral on the scale will scratch the minerals below it, each mineral on the same step are just capeable of scratching each other.
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1 talc, 2 gypsum, 3 calcite, 4 fluorite, 5 apatite, 6 potassium feldspar, 7 quartz, 8 topaz, 9 corundum, 10 diamond
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Luster describes what?
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The quality and intensity of light reflected by a mineral
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The color of a mineral is mainly determined by...
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Chemical composition
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Density is? And helps with?
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The mass per unit of volume of the material. It helps with mineral identification.
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Densities of rocks and minerals are always reported in...
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Grams per cubic centimeter. g/cm3
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