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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Charging by contact |
Transferring an electric charge from 1 substance to another by touching |
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Induction |
When the object you are charging has the opposite charge of the charging rod |
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Discharge at a point |
Removing an electric charge by repelling electrons off the tip of a conductor that is pointed at the end |
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Conductor |
Allow electrons to move freely |
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Electron |
A negatively charged particle with a mass of 1/2000 the mass of a proton/neutron |
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Ground |
Connect to earth |
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Nucleus |
Central core of an atom, contains 2 kinds of particles (protons and nuetrons) |
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Static electricity |
A charge on a substance that stays in the same place |
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Charging by friction |
Transferring an electric charge from one substance to another by a rubbing action |
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Discharge |
To neutralize or remove all electric charges |
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Electric charge |
A negative or positive quantity of electricity that builds up on an object |
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Insulator |
Makes static charge stay where it was created |
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Electrostatic series |
A continuum of substances listed in order of increasing tendency to gain electrons |
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Neutron |
A neutral particle located in the nucleus with a mass of 1 |
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Proton |
A positively charged particle located in the nucleus with a mass of 1 |
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Electrostatics |
The study of static electric charge |
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Static electricity |
Electrical charge remains in one spot Eg) does not move unless forced to do so |
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What is the law of electric charge? |
Like charges repel, unlike charges react |
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What is the electrical nature of matter? |
1.all matter is made of subatomic particles (atoms) 2.in the center of each atom is a nucleus, with 2 kinds of particles (protons+neutrons). Particles dont move from the nucleus when atom is charged 3.a cloud of negative particles (electrons) surround the nucleus. Electrons have the same # of charge as protons but the kind of charge is opposite. When atoms are charged, electrons move from atom to atom 4. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract 5. Some dements the nucleus has weaker attraction for its electrons. Electrons are able to move freely from atom to atom |
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What is charging by friction? |
When 2 different things rub together and electrons are exchanged |
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What items have a weak hold on electrons in the electrostatic series? |
Acetate Glass Wool Cats fur/human hair Calcium/magnesium/lead |
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What items have an increasing tendency to gain electrons in the electrostatic series? |
Silk Aluminum/zinc Cotton Parafin wax Ebonite |
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What items have a strong hold on electrons in the electrostatic series? |
Polyethylene (plastic) Carbon/copper/nickel Rubber Sulfur Platinum/gold |
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How do you charge by contact? |
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What is an example of an insulator? |
Wool,rubber,plastic,wood |
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What is an example of a conductor? |
Metal,water,humans |
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What happens to static electricity in winter? |
-cold air is dryer, contains less molecules -any static charge that builds up stays where it is -dry air is an insulator, doesnt easily pick up charges from our bodies |
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How do you ground an object? |
Conducter attached to the earth shares excess charge |
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How do you discharge at a point? |
Electrons build up at a point and will jump off charged object |
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How can you discharge an object using air? |
Expose it to moist air |
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What 2 methods of discharing an object involve electromagnet radiation? |
Shining a light on it Exposing it to radioactivity |
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How do you charge by induction? |
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What are some advantages of static electricity? |
It is used in the design of many devices that remove pollutants and dust from the air It is used as a way of coating surfaces with a variety of coverings |
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How does lightning work? |
It is the process of exchanging electric charges between the atmosphere and the earth itself |
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What is a lightning rod? |
A pointed metal rod is attached to the highets part of a building. A thick conductor (usually copper) is connected from the pointed rod to a metal plate burued in the ground. The plate is used to conduct the electric charges between the rod to the ground. |
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Ampere |
The SI unit used to measure electric current Symbol : A |
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Load |
Part of an electric circuit that turns on when the switch is closed |
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Potential difference |
The loss of electric potential produced by electrical resistance as a current flows through a conductor |
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Resistance |
The ability to impede the flow of electrons in conductors |
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Electric circuit |
A controlled path throught which electric charges flow Symbol : I |
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Ohm |
The SI unit for electric resistance Symbol: |
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Voltage |
Electric potential |
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Electric potential |
The electrical energy that an electron possesses |
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Parallel circuit |
An electric circuit in which each electrical load is connected to the energy source by its oen seperate path or branch circuit |
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Series circuit |
An electric circuit in which the electrical loads are wired to one another in a single path |
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Voltage drop |
A measure of the energy each electron gives up as it moves through a circuit Commonly used for potential difference |
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Electric current |
the movement/flow of electric charges from one place to another |
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electrical load |
anything that converts electrical energy into whatever from of energy we need |
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connectors |
provide a controlled path for electric current to flow to each part of the circuit |
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closed circuit |
when a circuit is operating and current is flowing |
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open circuit |
when the arm of the switch is not connected to the other part of the switch |
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schematic circuit diagrams |
drawings of circuits that use symbols |
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What are the parts of an electric circuit? |
1.source of electrical energy (battery/dry cell) 2.electrical load (light/load) 3.electric circuit control device (switch) 4.connectors (wires) |
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What does a waterwheel diagram look like? |
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what does a battery diagram look like? |
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What is the symbol for voltage? |
V |
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What do cells look like in series? (diagram) |
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What do cells look like in parallel? (diagram) |
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describe what cells in series does |
-increases the amount of energy for each electron -higher voltage -batteries will lose power more quickly |
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describe what cells in parallel does |
-more cells to supply the same amount of energy (same voltage) -cells will last longer (doing less work) |
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What does ampere mean? (what is the symbol) |
Amps - A |
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What is resistance? |
-slows down the flow of electrons -energy is transformed (electrical energy transforms to light/sound/mechanical/etc. energy) SYMBOL: Ohms - |
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What does V=IR mean? |
that the voltage is equal to the amount of current multiplied by the amount of resistance. |
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How can you use V=IR to find the current if you already have the voltage? |
change V=IR into V/R=I |
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What is a short circuit? |
A very short circuit with no electrical load |
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What are the characteristics of a series circuit? |
-R(total)=R(1)=R(2)+R(3)..... -When the resistance increases, the current decreases -single path of electric current (if resistor fails, they all fail) -electric current is the same throughout the entire circuit -V(total)=V(1 drop)+V(2 drop)+V(3 drop)+..... |
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What are the characteristics of a parallel circuit? |
-I(total)=I(1)+I(2)+I(3)..... -Voltage drop remains the same for all parallel resistors [V(total)=V(1)=V(2)=V(3)] -When the current total increases, the resistance total decreases -if resistor fails, remaining circuit still works |
