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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do we recognize biological diversity?
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Observing the number of species in a set number of lifeforms for a particular area.
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Describe the function of DNA.
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Act as a set of blueprints for the growth of an organism.
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Which is usually healthier, a high diversity index, or a low one?
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High.
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How does budding work?
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A parent organism releases a part of itself which becomes a clone of the parent.
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Which of the follow is is a generalist? Bear, penguin, walrus, banana tree.
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Bear.
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How can plants reproduce from stems and roots?
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Budding.
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What must every mushroom spore have to produce a new mushroom?
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DNA.
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What is natural selection?
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The phenomenon of the fittest individuals having a greater chance at mating than weaker ones, leading to a gradual improvement of a species.
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What are the dangers of having a narrow niche?
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If the conditions in the habitat change, chances of survival are slim.
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What are the 8 main WHMIS hazard categories?
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Compressed gas, flammable, oxidizer, poisonous, toxic, biohazard, corrosive, reactive.
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What is a physical property?
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A property that can be observed without altering the chemical makeup of something.
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What is a chemical property?
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A property of how a substance reacts with other chemicals.
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What is an element?
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A material consisting of one type of atom.
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how many elements have been discovered as of 2010?
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118
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What is a nutrient?
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A substance that an organism needs to survive.
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How do bacteria help feed plants?
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By decomposing complex waste into a simpler form.
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Why was DDT such an important discovery in the quest to improve human health?
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It could kill mosquitoes, stopping malaria.
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Why was DDT banned?
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It was toxic.
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What acids cause acid rain?
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H2CO3
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What is the difference between a poison and a toxin?
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Toxins are made by an organism.
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Who was the first scientist to win 2 nobel prizes?
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Marie Curie
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Who coined the term radioactivity?
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Marie Curie
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What are the 3 main types of elements?
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Metals, non-metals, metalloids.
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What are 5 properties of metals?
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Conduct electricity, conduct heat, reflective, malleable, ductile.
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What is malleability?
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The ability to be compressed into sheets.
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What is ductility?
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The ability to be stretched.
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What is a metalloid?
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An element that possesses only some of the properties of a metal.
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What is a chemical family?
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A group of elements with similar properties.
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What are alkali metals?
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Highly reactive metals.
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List the alkali metals.
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Potassium(K), sodium(Na), rubidium(Rb), lithium(Li), cesium(Cs), francium(Fr).
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What are alkaline earth metals?
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Reactive metals with lesser reactivity than alkali metals.
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What are the 6 alkaline earth metals?
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Beryllium(Be), strontium(Sr), barium(Ba), calcium(Ca), radium(Ra), magnesium(Mg)
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What do all noble gasses have in common?
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They are all stable.
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Why are noble gasses so nonreactive?
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They do not have any unpaired electrons.
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What happens if a noble gas does react?
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The resulting substance is highly unstable and soon decomposes back into noble gasses.
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List the noble gasses.
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Helium(He), neon(Ne), xenon(Xe), krypton(Kr), argon(Ar), radon(Rn)
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What are halogens?
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A group of non-metal elements with an unpaired electron which tends to gain an available electron when forming a compound.
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What is the reactivity of a halogen?
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Halogens react vigorously with almost every other element.
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List the halogens
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Bromine(Br), astatine(At), chlorine(Ch), iodine(I), fluorine(F). (Ununseptium is also suspected to be a halogen, but it is not proven.)
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Who was responsible for creating a classification system for the elements which we still use today?
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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What property was used to sort elements?
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Atomic mass
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Why was atomic mass used to order elements?
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According to Dalton's theory, each element had its own atomic mass which was different from the mass of every other element.
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Why did Mendeleev call his arrangement of the elements the periodic table?
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When Mendeleev ordered the elements by atomic mass, he noticed that the properties of the elements repeated at periodic intervals.
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Of what use are the gaps in Mendeleev's table?
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The gaps are where Mendeleev believed that other, undiscovered elements would be.
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Why did Mendeleev's table get slightly reordered?
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It became evident that atomic structure, not atomic mass, was the key to organizing the elements.
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What is an atomic number?
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The number of protons in an element's nucleus.
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What is the mass number?
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the total number of protons and electrons.
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Where are non-metals located on the periodic table?
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On the right hand side, mostly near the top.
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Where are metals located on the periodic table?
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The left hand side.
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Where are metalloids on the periodic table?
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Between the metals and non-metals.
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What is a group as it pertains to the periodic table?
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Each column is a group. From left to right they are numbered 1 to 18.
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What are the rows of the periodic table called?
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Periods.
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What holds elements together when they form compounds?
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Chemical bonds.
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How are chemical bonds formed?
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when elements lose, gain, or share electrons.
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When atoms transfer electrons, a ___ compound is formed.
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ionic
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When atoms share electrons, a ___ compound is formed.
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molecular
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What are some properties of ionic compounds?
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Formed from metallic and non-metallic elements, forms ions in solution, conducts electricity, solid at room temperature.
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What are some properties of molecular compounds?
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usually formed from non-metallic elements, does not form ions in solution, usually does not conduct electricity, can be any state of matter at room temperature.
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When a chemical formula is written, what does subscript indicate?
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number of atoms in the compound of the element preceding the subscript.
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What is a diatomic molecule?
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A molecule with two atoms of the same element.
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why do most molecular compounds have low melting and boiling points?
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The bonds between molecules is weak even though bond withing the molecule are strong.
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Because molecular compounds have no free electrons, ____
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Molecular compounds are poor conductors even in a liquid state.
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Who names compounds?
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IUPAC
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What does IUPAC stand for?
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
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What is a binary compound?
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A compound made of two elements.
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What are the writing conventions for giving a name to a binary compound?
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Write the entire name of the first element, change the ending of the name of the second element to -ide, and use prefixes to indicate the number of each element.
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What is an ion?
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An atom which has gained or lost an electron.
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what happens to ionic compounds in water?
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They separate into positive and negative ions.
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How are ionic compounds named?
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The same as binary compounds except the name does not indicate the number of ions. The name includes both elements in the compound with the name of the metallic element first. The non-metalic element is second and it's ending is changed to -ide
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What are reactants?
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The substances that go in to a chemical reaction.
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What are products?
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Substances produced by a chemical reaction.
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Energy is stored in chemical bonds. How can these bonds be broken?
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Energy must be added.
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What is an exothermic reaction?
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A chemical reaction that gives of heat.
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What is an endothermic reaction?
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A chemical reaction that absobes heat.
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What is reaction rate?
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The rate at which a reaction occurs.
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How can one determine a reaction rate?
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Either measure how quickly one of the reactants is disappearing or how quickly one of the products is appearing.
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How does temperature usually affect a reaction?
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A high temperature will speed things up, and a low one will slow things down.
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What is a catalyst?
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A substance that speeds up a reaction while itself not being changed.
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what is corrosion?
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the oxidation of metals or rocks in the presence of air or moisture.
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How can one prevent corrosion?
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Coat the metal with paint or other non corrosive material.
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what is the process of covering a metal with zinc called?
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Galvinization.
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What is Electrophoresis?
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A technique for separating ions using electricity.
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