Science 8Th Who Knows?

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carbon dioxide

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a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO 2 , present in the atmosphere and formed during respiration

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chlorophyll

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any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms

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chloroplast

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plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments

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glucose

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a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms. Is a product of photosynthesis.

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guard cell

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cells which control opening and closing of stomata in green leaves

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stoma

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a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass

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water

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a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants

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geotropism

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an orienting response to gravity

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gravity

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the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

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hydrotropism

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the directional growth of plants in response to the stimulus of water

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phototropism

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an orienting response to light

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stimuli

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something that excites an organism or part to a response activity

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stimulus

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any stimulating information or event

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thigmotropism

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oriented growth of an organism in response to touch, as a plant tendril coiling around a string support

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tropism

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noun an involuntary orienting response - positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source

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abiotic

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thinks that are not and never have been living

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biotic

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of or relating to living organisms

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carnivore

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any animal that feeds on other animals

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herbivore

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any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants

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consumer

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an organism which does not produce food, but eats producers and other consumers

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omnivore

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an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances

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decomposer

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an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

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energy

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the capacity of a physical system to do work

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food chain

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a series of organisms interrelated in their feeding habits, the smallest being fed upon by a larger one, which in turn feeds a still larger one, etc.

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food web

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a series of organisms related by predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions

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producer

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organisms which produce food through photosynthesis

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adaption

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the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)

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biome

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a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate

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biosphere

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the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist

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community

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a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

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ecosystem

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a system formed by the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors

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habitat

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the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs

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population

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the total of individuals of the same species living in a location

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species

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a specific kind of organism capable of reproducing

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climax

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highest point of anything conceived of as growing or developing or unfolding

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community

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a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

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equilibrium

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a sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head

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pioneer species

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a species that is first to establish itself in an area where nothing is growing

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primary succession

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is the gradual growth of organisms in an area that was previously bare, such as rock

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secondary succession

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a process started by an event (e.g. forest fire, harvest...)

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succession

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the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established

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atomic mass

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the mass of specific atomic particles consisting of the total number of protons and neutrons in that particle

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electron

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an elementary particle with negative charge

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ions

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an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons

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isotopes

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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights

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models

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a representation of a system too large or too small to see at its normal size

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neutron

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an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton - located in the atomic nucleus

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nucleus

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a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

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proton

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a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron

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valence electrons

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an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom

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family

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the usual major subdivision of an order or suborder in the classification of plants, animals, fungi, etc., usually consisting of several genera

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group

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the verticle column of elements in the periodic table of the elements which all contain the same number of valence electrons

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metalloids

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an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties, as arsenic, silicon, or boron.

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metals

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any of a class of elementary substances, as gold, silver, or copper, which are characterized by ductility, conductivity, and a unique luster when freshly fractured.

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Nonmetals

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an element not having the character of a metal, as carbon or nitrogen.

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period

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a row of elements on the periodic table of the elements, all having the same number of electron orbitals

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periodic table

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a table illustrating the periodic system, in which the chemical elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers and shown in related groups.

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chemical properties

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any of a material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction

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conductivity

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the transmission of heat or electricity or sound

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corrosiveness

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(esp of acids or alkalis) capable of destroying solid materials

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density

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mass divided by volume

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ductility

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the malleability of something that can be drawn into threads or wires or hammered into thin sheets

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flammability

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the quality of being easily ignited and burning rapidly

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insulation

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the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity

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luster

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the visual property of something that shines with reflected light

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malleability

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the property of being physically malleable, the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking

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oxidation

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the process of oxidizing, the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons

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physical properties

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can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others

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reactivity

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ready susceptibility to chemical change

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solubility

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the quality of being soluble and easily dissolved in liquid

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viscosity

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resistance of a liquid to sheer forces (thickness)