Science

Front 1

Energy

Back 1

The ability to do work or cause a change

Front 2

Potential Energy

Back 2

Not moving (stored)

Front 3

Kinetic Energy

Back 3

Moving

Front 4

Thermal Energy

Back 4

heat energy; small particles in motion (Friction)

Front 5

Mechanical Energy

Back 5

Objects in motion, like gears

Front 6

Electrical Energy

Back 6

Electricity or Energy that has a charge (Can shock you)

Front 7

Radiant Energy

Back 7

Light, waves, or rays

Front 8

Chemical Energy

Back 8

Stored in an object, once used cannot be put back

Front 9

Nuclear Energy

Back 9

splitting of Uranium atoms (Fission)

Front 10

Alternative Energy

Back 10

Energy generated by natural processes that is renewable

Front 11

Sound Energy

Back 11

Vibrations on the Eardrum (form of Mechanical energy)

Front 12

Energy Conservation

Back 12

Efforts to wisely use, distribute, and protect valuable resources such asfresh water, soil, unique environments, and energy resources, as well asnatural and human-made materials.

Front 13

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 13

Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed it can only transfer

Front 14

Joules

Back 14

Units for energy

Front 15

Energy Resources

Back 15

A source or supply of energy that can be used to generate electrical powerto meet people’s needs.

Front 16

Solar Energy

Back 16

The Sun’s energy is collected and converted to useable energy; solar energy is arenewable resource.

Front 17

Wind Energy

Back 17

Turbines harness the movement of air and convert it to useable energy; windenergy is a renewable resource.

Front 18

Hydropower Energy

Back 18

Movement of water through a dam in a river is converted to useableenergy; hydropower is a renewable resource.

Front 19

Geothermal Energy

Back 19

Heat is harnessed from deep beneath Earth’s surface and converted touseable energy; geothermal energy is a renewable resource.

Front 20

Fossil Fuels

Back 20

A natural non-renewable fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas formed over a verylong time in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

Front 21

Biomass

Back 21

Biological material such as plant material or animal waste converted to a usableenergy source; a renewable resource.

Front 22

Conduction

Back 22

Transfer of thermal energy that occurs in solids, liquids, and gases when twosubstances of different temperatures touch.

Front 23

Convection

Back 23

Transfer of thermal energy from one place to another by the movement of fluids;occurs on a large scale in atmospheric gases, oceans, and Earth’s mantle.

Front 24

Radiation

Back 24

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic rays; may occur in empty space; matterneed not be in direct contact or be present for the transfer of energy to occur.

Front 25

Energy Transformation

Back 25

The change of energy from one type to another; for example, kineticto potential, or potential to kinetic.

Front 26

Element

Back 26

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physicalor chemical means

Front 27

Compound

Back 27

Matter that is composed of two or more elements that are chemicallycombined

Front 28

Chemical Change

Back 28

When a new substance is created (burning, rusting).

Front 29

Density

Back 29

The amount of matter in a given space or volume

Front 30

Physical Property

Back 30

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changingthe identity of the substance such as size, shape, luster, conductivity,malleability, and magnetic attraction

Front 31

Conductor

Back 31

The ability to transport electricity or heat

Front 32

Malleability

Back 32

Capable of being hammered or forced into shapes

Front 33

Luster

Back 33

a physical property, the way the surface of a substance shines or reflects light, mostgeneral classification between metallic (shiny) and non-metallic (dull)

Front 34

Pure Substance

Back 34

Matter that is made up of the same particles throughout

Front 35

examples of Pure Substance

Back 35

Water
Diamond
Gold
Brass

Front 36

Give an example of
CONDUCTION

Back 36

Conduction: a pan on a stove burner

Front 37

Give an example of
CONVECTION

Back 37

Convection: In a swimming pool, the colder water is on the bottom of the pool and the warmer water is near the surface of the water

Front 38

Give an example of
RADIATION

Back 38

Radiation: Standing beside a campfire

Front 39

Draw an example of all forms of heat transfer in a hot cup of coffee placedon a cool countertop.

Back 39

Conduction – Heat from the liquid transfers to the cupHeat from the cup transfers to the countertop
Convection - Heat from the liquid heats the air causing it to rise
Radiation – Heat radiates from the sides of the cup

Front 40

What heat transfer occurs when water boils? (cold falling, hot rising)

Back 40

Convection

Front 41

Does heat travel from hot to cold or from cold to hot?

Back 41

Heat travels from hot to cold.

Front 42

What energy transformation occurs when a person skateboards down aramp?

Back 42

Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy

Front 43

What energy transformation takes place in working flashlight?

Back 43

Chemical to electrical to radiant

Front 44

Which hill in a roller coaster needs to be the highest and why?

Back 44

The first hill on a rollercoaster needs to be the tallest in order for the car to have enough energy to go up the next hill.

Front 45

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

Back 45

Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is energy in motion.

Front 46

Name the forms of Potential Energy and give an example of each.

Back 46

Potential energy forms:
Mechanical – gears not moving
Chemical – Fossil fuels, food, batteries
Nuclear – Uranium atoms

Front 47

Name the forms of Kinetic Energy and give an example of each.

Back 47

Kinetic Energy Forms:
Mechanical – moving gears
Electrical – Lightning, power lines
Radiant – Light bulbs, microwaves, x-raysThermal – oven, fire, heater
Sound - speakers, drums, radio

Front 48

What two things increase the amount of potential energy in an object?

Back 48

Potential increases the further the object is above the Earth’s surface; & increases with the amount of tension put on the object (stretching)

Front 49

When a coin drops to the ground what happens to its potential energy?

Back 49

As an object’s kinetic energy increases, its potential energy decreases.

Front 50

As an object's kinetic energy decreases, what happens to the object'spotential energy?

Back 50

As an object’s kinetic energy decreases, its potential energy increases.

Front 51

On a rollercoaster, where is the potential energy the highest?

Back 51

Potential energy is at the top of a roller coaster (the higher in the air the more potential)

Front 52

Why are cars traveling at higher speeds dangerous than cars traveling atlower speed?

Back 52

The faster something is moving and/or the more massive it is, the more kinetic energy it has.

Front 53

How can you increase an object's kinetic energy?

Back 53

To increase the kinetic energy of an object, increase the speed.

Front 54

How does the length of a pendulum affect its number swings?

Back 54

The shorter the pendulum – the more swings. The longer the length of the pendulum- less swings.

Front 55

List renewable and nonrenewable energy sources:

Back 55

Renewable –
Biomass, Geothermal,
Hydropower,
Nuclear, Solar, Wind
Nonrenewable –
Coal, Oil (petroleum),
Natural Gas

Front 56

List the disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants:

Back 56

Hydroelectrical Energy Advantages: making electricity this way does not release pollution into the air or produce chemical runoff or toxic waste, renewableDisadvantages: Hydropower facilities can change the water temperature and river’s flow. This can harm aquatic wildlife. Also, the dams can change where the river flows, and the reservoirs can flood the surrounding land, location of power plants are limited.

Front 57

List the advantages of using wind power:

Back 57

Wind Energy Advantages: Renewable, no air pollution

Disadvantages: Expensive, location is limited to certain places, can interfere with bird migration patterns.

Front 58

What are the advantages of using coal in America?

Back 58

Advantages of using coal in the U.S. – U.S. has a large coal reserve, easy to transport, cheaper to use, already being used so no new technology needed

Front 59

What are disadvantages of using coal power plants

Back 59

Disadvantages of using coal in the U.S.: nonrenewable, creates pollution, mining can destroy habitats

Front 60

List the energy transformation in a coal generated power plant?

Back 60

Chemical to Thermal to Mechanical to Electrical

Front 61

How would you measure the effectiveness of a plan designed to conserveenergy in schools?

Back 61

To measure the effectiveness of a plan designed to conserve energy in school, you would check the electric bills over a period of time to see if the usage of energy is lower.

Front 62

List some ways we can conserve energy?

Back 62

Schools -Turn lights off when not in use, school wide recycling program, turning off computer monitors when not in use. Community -Public transportation, recycling programs, using solar powered traffic lights. Home – Turn water off while brushing your teeth, unplug appliances when you are not using them, run your dishwasher and washing machines during the evening when energy demand is not so high, use ceiling fans instead of running an air conditioner.

Front 63

What is an element?

Back 63

An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. Example – Hydrogen (H)

Front 64

What is a compound?

Back 64

A compound is matter that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Example – H20

Front 65

List the common elements in the Ocean, atomosphere, living things andearth

Back 65

Ocean – Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Sodium (Na), and Chlorine (Cl)
Atmosphere – Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O)
Living Things – Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P).

Earth (land) – Oxygen (O), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Iron (I), Calcium (Ca)

Front 66

Name the physical properties of metals and give an example.

Back 66

Physical Properties of metals include: Malleability, High Melting Points, Conductivity, Ductile, and a shiny luster. Examples – Iron and Nickel

Front 67

Name the physical properties of non-metals and give an example.

Back 67

Physical Properties of nonmetals include: Brittle, dull luster, and insulator. Examples – Oxygen (O) and Hydrogen (H)

Front 68

What is the evidence of a chemical change?

Back 68

Evidence of a chemical change would include fizzes(bubbles), Aroma (smell, or odor), Replacement, Temperature change (hotter or colder), New Substance

Front 69

How would you find the volume of rock?

Back 69

You would find the volume of a rock by water displacement. Fill a graduated cylinder with enough water to cover the rock. Read the volume of the water. Then add the rock to the graduated cylinder and read the volume of the rock and water together. Next subtract the volume of the water only from the volume of the water and rock.

Front 70

How would you find the volume of a box?

Back 70

To find the volume of a box would multiply the length, width, and height (L X W X H)

Front 71

What is the density of a cube with a mass of 2.5 g and a volume of 5cm³?

Back 71

The density of the cube would be D = 0.5g/cm3

Front 72

an object that has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 15 cm³ is dropped into a graduated cylinder of 50 mL.How much will the water level rise in the cylinder?

Back 72

The water level will rise 15 mL.