Science 8 Unit 1 Life Sciences

Front 1

bacteria

Back 1

singled celled micro-organisms

*may or may not cause disease

*help with body functions

Front 2

Cell

Back 2

the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of one or more cells

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

a thin protective covering that separates the interior of a cell from its surroundings. it controls the movement of particles in and out of the cell

Front 4

Cell Wall

Back 4

a tough rigid structure that surrounds and protects a plant cell and gives the cell it's rectangular shape. Not in an animal cell.

Front 5

Chloroplast

Back 5

parts of a plant cell that trap the suns energy and changes it into chemical energy.

Front 6

Compound Microscope

Back 6

a type of microscope that uses multiple lenses to magnify small objects.

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

a jelly-like substance within a cell, containing organelles, water and other life supporting materials.

Front 8

Diffusion

Back 8

the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 9

Electron Micrograph

Back 9

an image made from an electron microscope

Front 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

in cells, a network of membrane covered channels that transport materials within the cell

Front 11

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 11

a type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes

Front 12

Golgi Body

Back 12

a structure within a cell that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles

Front 13

Lysosome

Back 13

a cell structure that containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts

Front 14

metabolism

Back 14

the total of all chemical reactions that take place within a cell

Front 15

mitochondria

Back 15

the energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cell.

Front 16

nucleus

Back 16

the organelle that controls all the activities within a cell.

Front 17

organelle

Back 17

a cell part in which functions are carried out to ensure the cell's survivial

Front 18

organsim

Back 18

a living thing

Front 19

osmosis

Back 19

the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane; particles move from an area high concentration to low concentration

Front 20

prokaryotic

Back 20

a type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membranes

Front 21

ribosome

Back 21

cell parts that assemble proteins

Front 22

scanning electron microscope

Back 22

a powerful microscope, magnifies more so than the compound microscope

Front 23

selectively permeable membrane

Back 23

a membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out

Front 24

Vacuole

Back 24

temporary storage compartments in cells, store waste. larger in plant cells than in animal cells

Front 25

Virus

Back 25

tiny non-living particles (not cells) that attach to a host cell and trick the cell into reproducing more virus particles. They are disease causing, no nucleus or organelles

Front 26

Arteries

Back 26

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 27

capillaries

Back 27

the networks of tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to venules

Front 28

Circulatory System

Back 28

the body system that moves the blood throughout the body

Front 29

digestion

Back 29

the process in which food is broken down, nutrients absorbed and stored and wastes removed

Front 30

excretion

Back 30

the process in which liquid and gas wastes are removed from a body

Front 31

excretory system

Back 31

the system that removes liquid and gas wastes from the body through the urnairy tract; kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Front 32

respiratory system

Back 32

the body system that supplies the blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood

Front 33

tissue

Back 33

a group of cells that have the same structure and function

Front 34

veins

Back 34

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Front 35

villi

Back 35

fold-like structures lining the wall of small intestine, which increase the surface available to absorb nutirents

Front 36

antibody

Back 36

specific particles created by the immune system to fight disease causing invaders

Front 37

antigen

Back 37

any substance the body cannot recognize; usually a non-living particle

Front 38

immune system

Back 38

the body system that defends the body against infection and disease-causing substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

Front 39

pathogen

Back 39

an organism or substance that can cause a disease

Front 40

white blood cells

Back 40

blood cells that fight infection and help prevent the growth of cancer

Front 41

vaccine

Back 41

an antigen that provides immunity from disease