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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is energy? |
It is the ability to cause a change |
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What is kinetic energy? |
It is the energy an object has because it is in motion |
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What two things does kinetic energy depend on? |
Mass and Speed |
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What is electric energy? |
The energy that an air current carries, and is a form of kinetic energy. |
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What is potential energy? |
It is the stored energy that depends on the interaction of objects, particles, or atoms |
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What is gravitational potential energy? |
It is a type of potential energy stored in an object due to it's height above the Earth's surface. |
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What does gravitational potential energy depend on? |
It depends on mass of an object and it's height above the Earth's surface |
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What is chemical energy? |
It is the energy that is stored and released from the bonds of atoms. |
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What is nuclear energy? |
It is the energy that is stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom |
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What is the difference nuclear fusion and nuclear fission? |
Nuclear fusion produces a large amount of energy and nuclear fission produces a large amount of energy from little fuel, but is radioactive, hazardous, and very hard to dispose of safely. |
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What is mechanical energy? |
It is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system of objects. |
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What is thermal energy? |
It is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object. |
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What is geothermal energy? |
It is energy from the particles in the Earth's interior which contain great thermal energy. |
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What is sound energy? |
It is energy carried by sound waves. |
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What is radiant energy? |
It is the energy carried by electromagnetic waves. |
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How do photovoltaic cells use radiant energy from the sun? |
They are made out of a material that transforms the radiant energy of light into electric energy. |
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Of the types of energy in the questions above, which would be considered to be forms of kinetic energy? |
mechanical, thermal, geothermal, seismic |
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Of the types of energy in the questions above, which would be considered to be forms of potential energy? |
electric, gravitational potential, chemical, nuclear, thermal, geothermal, sound, radiant |
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How do hydroelectric water plants convert potential energy into kinetic energy |
the water moves through the plant, which changes the potential energy to kinetic energy |
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What is an energy transformation? Give at least two examples |
It is the conversion from one form of energy to another. Electric energy transformed to thermal energy in a heat lamp. Also, the electric energy from the wiring of a bulb to the radiant energy coming form the bulb. |
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What is the law of conservation of energy and how does it relate to energy transformations? |
It states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. It relates because there can be a energy transformation, but energy can't be created or destroyed. |
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What are the energy transformations that take place on a roller coaster? |
Potential energy builds up from pulling the roller coaster up to a hill, then there is gravitational potential energy when going down, which turns it into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy becomes very small, then it turns into gravitational potential energy as the roller coaster goes up the next hill, and the cycle starts over. |
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What is work? |
It is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force acts on the object. |
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What unit is work measured in? |
Joules |
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What are two things work depends on? |
Force and displacement |
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A student pulls out a chair in order to sit down. The student pulls the chair 0.75 m with a force of 20 N. How much work does he or she doe on the chair?
(Use Calculator if needed) |
15 J |
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Which energy transformations and energy transfers occur in a flashlight? |
Chemical to electric, electric to thermal, and thermal to radiant |
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What role does friction play in energy transformations? |
The friction between the car's wheels and the road causes some of the kinetic energy in the tires to transform into thermal energy. So when the car is going very fast, the thermal energy from the tires cause the rubber to give off a burnt odor. |
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What is a simple machine? |
It is a machine that does work using one movement. |
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What are the 6 different types of simple machines? |
Inclined plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley, wheel and axle. |
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What is the definition of an inclined plane? Give at least two examples of inclined planes |
A flat, sloped surface. Ramp,car hood |
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What is the definition of a screw? Give at least two examples of a screw. |
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Bottle cap, bolt |
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What is the definition of a wedge? Give at least two examples. |
An inclined plane that moves. Knife, Pizza Cutter |
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What is the definition of a lever? Give at least two examples. |
A simple machine that pivots around a single point. Scissors, Tennis Racquets |
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What is the definition of a wheel and axle? Give at least two examples. |
A shaft attached to a wheel of a larger diameter so that both rotate together. Screwdriver, Car |
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What is the definition of a pulley? Give at least two examples. |
A grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. Flagpole, Elevator |
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What is a complex machine? Give at least two examples |
It is two ore more simple machines working together. Bicycle, Train |
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How can machines make doing work easier? |
The machine decreases the input work, and increases the output work. |
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What is the difference between input work and output work? Input force and output force? |
Work you do on a machine is input work, and the work a machine does on an object is output work. Input force is the force needed to do the input work, and the output force is the force that is generated by the output work. |
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What is efficiency? |
It is the ratio of output work to input work. |
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Will the efficiency of a machine every be 100%? Why or why not? |
No, because friction can cause some of the efficiency to go to waste as thermal energy, and to decrease this from happening a lot, lubricating the machine is good. |
