Science 7Th Grade

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element

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Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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Atom

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The smallest unit of an element

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compound

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Two or more elements combined chemically

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Protiens

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Large organinc molecules made of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

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Amino Acids

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Smaller molecules that combine together to form protiens.

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Carbohydrates

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energy rich compound made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. sugar and starch are examples

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lipids

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oils fats and waxes

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Nucleic Acid

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contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid - Genetic material that carries the information about an organism that is passed form parent to offspring

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Where is DNA found

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Found in the chromatin in the nucleus

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RNA

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Found in the cytoplasm and nucleus this plays a role in the production of protiens

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Diffusion

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The way molecules move into and out of a cell. Tend to move from and area of higher concentration to lower concentration

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Selectively Permiable Memberane

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Some substances can pass through while others cannot

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osmosis

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The movement of water in or out of a cell by diffusion

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stomata

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small openings in the underside of leaves that can open or close to control the movement of Carbon dioxide and water vapor

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pigment

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colored chemical compounds that absorb light

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Chlorophyll

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The main pigment found in chloroplast

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respiration

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Process by which cells break down glucose and release the energy they contain

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fermentation

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process of releasing energy that doesn't require oxygen

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cell cycle

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process of cells growing and dividing

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interphase

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1st phase of cell cycle when cell grows to mature size and makes a copy of its DNA

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Mitosis - prophase

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phase 2a of cell cycle chromatim in the nucleus condenses to form cohromosomes, nuclear membrane breaks down

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Mitosis - metaphase

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phase 2b of cell cycle chromosomes line up across the center of cell each attackes ot a spindle fiber at cntromere

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mitosis - anaphase

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phase 2c centromeres split -two chromatids separate cell becomes stretched out

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mitosis - telophase

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phase 2d - chromosomes lose rod like appearance. new nuclear membrane forms

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cytokinesis

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phase 3 cell membrane pinches and cell eventually divieds forming a daughter cell with same # of identical chromosomes and about half of cytoplasm

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Replication

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when a cell makes copy of its own DNA before mitosis occurs

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chromosome

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doubled rod of condensed chromatin part of DNA

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chromatid

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one of the identical rods or srtrand in chromosome

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4 main groups of organic molecule

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Protiens,carbohydrate,lipid,nnucleic acid