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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a nutrient?
14-1 |
chemical substance that is needed to carry out life processes
found in food 5 types: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. |
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What is a carbohydrate?
14-1 |
a nutrient that supplies energy
2 types: simple and complex Simple: sugar complex: starches (bread, cereal, pasta) |
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What is a protein?
14-1 |
a nutrient needed
to build and repair cells make enzymes control chemical activities source of energy for body cells giant molecules EX: milk, fish, meat, cheese, peanuts |
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What are fats?
14-1 |
energy storage nutrients
used for insulation protects body organs Ex: butter, oil, |
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What is a molecule?
14-2 |
smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of that substance
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What is a protein molecule made of?
14-2 |
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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What is an Amino Acid?
14-2 |
building block of proteins
smaller molecules make up an amino acid 20 amino acids |
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What is a vitamin?
14-3 |
a nutrient found in foods that is required by the body
made by other organisms important for growth and proper body function |
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Where are Vitamin D and K made?
14-3 |
made in the body
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What is deficiency disease?
14-3 |
disease caused by the lack of a certain nutrient
Example: Rickets; causes soft bones and teeth Lack of Vitamin D |
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What is a mineral?
14-4 |
nutrient needed by the body to develop and function properly
Need small amounts of iron, iodine and zinc Need large amounts of: calcium, phosphorus |
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What causes anemia?
14-4 |
caused by to little iron
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What causes a goiter?
14-4 |
to little iodine
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What is malnutrition?
14-5 |
poor nutrition caused by an unbalanced diet
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What is a balanced diet?
14-5 |
diet that contains the right amount of nutrients
use the Food Pyramid to maintain a balanced diet |
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What is digestion?
14-6 |
process of breaking down food so that it can be used by living things
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What makes up the digestive system?
14-6 |
digestive tract and digestive organs
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What does the digestive track do?
14-6 |
foods move through a coiled tube inside the body(digestive tract)
10 m long narrow and wide |
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What are the digestive organs but not part of the digestive tract?
14-6 |
liver
pancreas gall bladder THESE HELP WITH DIGESTION BUT ARE NOT PART OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT |
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What is saliva?
14-6 |
liquid in the mouth that helps in digestion
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What is the pharynx?
14-6 |
tube connecting the mouth to the esophagus(throat)
passage way for food and air |
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What is the esophagus?
14-6 |
tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
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What is the epiglottis?
14-6 |
flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe
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What is peristalsis?
14-6 |
wavelike movement that moves food through the digestive tract
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What is digestion?
14-7 |
process of changing foods into usable forms
changed chemically and physically |
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What is mechanical digestion?
14-7 |
process by which large pieces of food are cut and crushed into smaller pieces
physical change teeth start mechanical digestion(cut, tear, grind, crush) takes place in the mouth |
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What is chemical digestion?
14-7 |
process by which large food MOLECULES are broken down into smaller food MOLECULES
starts in the mouth with saliva |
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What is enamel?
14-7 |
hard outer covering of the tooth
mechanical digestion |
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What is dentin?
14-7 |
spongy substance below the enamel of the tooth
absorbs shock of chewing mechanical digestion |
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What is an enzyme?
14-7 |
protein that controls chemical reactions in the body
help digest food Chemical digestion |
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What is gastric juice?
14-8 |
juice produced in the stomach that contains mucus, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid
THINK: HMP |
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What is pepsin?
14-8 |
enzyme that digests proteins
THINK: PP(pepsin, protein) |
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What is chyme?
14-8 |
thick liquid form in which food leaves the stomach
released slowly from the stomach into the small intestine |
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What happens in the small intestine?
14-9 |
long coiled tube
food moves through by peristalsis chemical digestion takes place here FATS digested here |
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What is lipase?
14-9 |
enzyme that digests fats and oils
found in the small intestine |
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What is emulsification?
14-9 |
process of breaking down large droplets of fat into smaller droplets of fat
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What is bile?
14-9 |
green liquid that breaks down large droplets of fat into smaller droplets of fat
produces by the liver stored in the gall bladder |
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What is absorption?
14-9 |
movement of food molecules from the digestive system to the blood
takes place through walls of small intestine |
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What are villus?
14-9 |
finger like projection on the lining of the small intestine
digested food passes through layers of villi and into blood vessels |
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What is calorie?
14-10 |
unit used to measure energy from foods
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Image of the digestive system
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