Science 7 Chapter 11

Front 1

Environment
11-1

Back 1

Everything that surrounds an organism and acts upon it
*organisms get all that they need from the environment

Front 2

Ecology
11-1

Back 2

study or relationships between living things and their environment

Front 3

Interact
11-1

Back 3

process of organisms acting upon one another or on the nonliving parts of their environment

Front 4

Animals
11-1

Back 4

* get nutrients and energy from eating plants or other animals
*oxygen from air

Front 5

Fish
11-1

Back 5

get oxygen from dissolved oxygen in water

Front 6

Plants
11-1

Back 6

Green plants get nutrients and water from soil
Sunlight + water+minerals+ CO2= growth and make food for energy
Oxygen from air= cellular respiration

Front 7

Ecologist
11-1

Back 7

Scientists who study ecology

Front 8

Population
11-2

Back 8

group of the same kind of organisms living in a certain place
Ex: Zebras>grassland
Ex: Eskimos>Alaska

Front 9

Community
11-1

Back 9

all the populations that live in a certain place and can interact with one another
Ex: Zebras, Wildebeest, ants, bees, grassland= community

Front 10

Ecosystem
11-1

Back 10

a group of COMMUNITIES interacting with each other and the nonliving parts of the environment(water, air, soil)
Ex: Grassland is the ecosystem Zebras, Wildebeest, ants, bees,

Front 11

Ecosystem: Self Supporting
11-2

Back 11

Production of Energy>sun
transfer of energy> plants to animals
Breakdown of material>organisms die and decompose
Recycling>material in ecosystem used over and over

Front 12

Habitat
11-3

Back 12

place where an organism lives
EX: Person's habitat is their house
Polar bear and seal>Arctic Ocean
provides food, water, shelter and a place to reproduce

Front 13

Niche
11-3

Back 13

organisms role or job in its habitat
Students niche is to study
Polar bears>hunt seals
Seals> feed on fish

Front 14

Limiting Factor
11-4

Back 14

condition in the environment that puts limits on the size a population can grow to
destroy habitat limits the size of the population EX: few mice=owls starve

Front 15

Carrying Capacity
11-4

Back 15

Largest population size that can be supported by the available resources of an area
Deer population grows so move from forests into the town of Elba

Front 16

Range
11-4

Back 16

area where a type of animal or plant population is found
Determined by the limiting factor
EX: Black Bears eat fruit, nuts, berries so have large range
Panda Bears eat Bamboo so range is small(China)

Front 17

Climate
11-5

Back 17

average weather of an area over a long period of time
determines what plants and animals can live in an area

Front 18

Biome
11-5

Back 18

a large region that has similar types of plants and animals

Front 19

How many Biomes are there on Earth?
11-5

Back 19

7
tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, tropical rain forest, deserts

Front 20

Tundra
11-5

Back 20

located FAR NORTH
ground(soil) always frozen
moss, lichens grasses and small flowers, shrubs grow here
Animals: birds, wolves, foxes and reindeer

Front 21

BIOME:
Taiga
11-5

Back 21

South of the tundra
coniferous forests(evergreens)
Animals: moose, squirrels, rabbits and beavers

Front 22

BIOME:
Temperate Deciduous forest
11-5

Back 22

South of the taiga
moderate Climate
long growing season with cold winter
Deciduous trees: maple, oak, birch,
leaves fall in the AUTUMN (New York State part of this Biome)

Front 23

BIOME:
Temperate grasslands/
Savannas
11-5

Back 23

moderate Climate
not enough rain for all trees to grow
Temperate Grassland: interior of continents rich soil for farming
SAVANNAS: close to the equator
scattered trees and shrubs

Front 24

BIOME:
Tropical Rainforests
11-5

Back 24

Near the equator
large amounts of rainfall
hot all year
Tall trees

Front 25

BIOME:
Deserts
11-5

Back 25

Temperature moderate or HOT
very LITTLE rain
few plants grow
Can find Cacti,
Animals,: birds lizards scorpions

Front 26

Polar Ice BIOME
11-5

Back 26

North and South Poles
very very cold temperature
thick sheets of ice and almost lifeless
Animals: penguins

Front 27

Succession
11-6

Back 27

changes in the environment
gradual change in populations of organisms that occurs when the environment changes

Front 28

Climax Community
11-6

Back 28

last community in succession

Front 29

Succession to Climax Community
11-6 page 268
EXample:
Fire Destroys the Forest to the Ground
What Happens?

Back 29

1)Open field: burnt area=grasses and weeds(pioneer plants) first to grow
2) Shrub Land: shade then get grasses and shrub
3) Pine Forest: pine trees
4) Hardwood Forest: trees like maple and oak

Front 30

Natural Resources
11-7

Back 30

material found in nature that is used by living things
Example: fish, trees, oil, coal, gas, water

Front 31

Renewable Resources
11-7

Back 31

Natural Resource that can be reused or replaced
Example: water, soil, lumber
cut the trees in the forest and then replant

Front 32

Nonrenewable Resource
11-7

Back 32

natural resource that cannot be reused or replaced
Example: coal, oil, natural gas, minerals

Front 33

Conservation
11-7

Back 33

wise use of natural resources
Example: buy and use energy efficient light bulbs
solar and wind power

Front 34

Succession:
1 Open Field

Back 34

Front 35

Succession:
3. Pine Forest

Back 35

Front 36

Succession:
4: Hardwood Forest

Back 36

Front 37

Succession:
2. Shrub or Scrub Land

Back 37

Front 38

TUNDRA BIOME

Back 38

Front 39

TAIGA BIOME

Back 39

Front 40

Grassland BIOME

Back 40

Front 41

BIOME Deciduous Forest

Back 41

Front 42

BIOME Savanna

Back 42

Front 43

BIOME: Tropical Rainforest

Back 43

Front 44

BIOME: Deserts

Back 44

Front 45

BIOMES in the United States

Back 45