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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Wall (Plant cells and bacteria exclusively)
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The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and other organisms in the Plant kingdom.The cell wall helps protect and support the cell. It is mostly made of cellulose.
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Cell Membrane
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The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell. Everything the cell needs, from food to oxygen, enters through the cell membrane. Harmful waste products leave through the cell membrane.The cell membrane prevents harmful materials from getting in. The cell membrane is a powerful elastic and bendable material, found after the cell wall in a plant cell.
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Cytoplasm
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The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is described as a gel-like fluid which suspends the organelles and dissolves important chemicals needed for life. The fluid cytoplasm is constantly moving.
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Chromatin
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Thin strands floating in the center of the nucleus, containing genetic material. Very similar to DNA, consistent of DNA and histone proteins. Contains instructions (genes) for running the cell. Copies of these genes are RNA.
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Ribosomes
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Attached to some surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum. Can also float around in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes produce protein that is released from the walls of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Ribosomes use RNA for instruction to make proteins.
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Nucleus
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Large, oval structure in the interior of the cell, controlling all activity inside the cell. It consists of the chromatin, nucleolus, and the nuclear envelope.
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Nuclear Envelope
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Protects the chromatin as well as the strands of DNA contained inside the nucleus, and materials pass in and out through their pores.
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Nucleolus
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Produces ribosomes for the entire cell, is situated in the interior of the nucleus behind the nuclear envelope in the chromatin.
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Organelles
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Tiny structures that have a particular function inside the cell, from producing proteins to storing energy.
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Mitochondrion (plural: Mitochondria)
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Mitochrondria convert energy from food molecules into energy usable for the cell. They are rod shaped and have a ruffled shape on the inside. Requires oxygen for convertion of energy.
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Mitochondrion (plural: Mitochondria)
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Mitochrondria convert energy from food molecules into energy usable for the cell. They are rod shaped and have a ruffled shape on the inside. Requires oxygen for convertion of energy.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Transports proteins from the ribosomes to the golgi body. The rough ER is covered in ribosomes.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Transports proteins from the ribosomes to the golgi body. The rough ER is covered in ribosomes.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The smooth ER produces and transports fat through the cell.
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Vacuoles
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Store food, waste, and water. Animal cells have a few small vacuoles or none at all, while plant cells have a single large vacuole.
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Golgi Body
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The golgi body receive proteins from the rough ER, sorts them, packages them and sends them to other parts of the cell for use. These parts include Lysosomes, the cell membrane, and outside of the cell.
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Lysosome
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Contains digestives enzymes, which break down old, worn out organelles, and big food particles
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Chloroplast (Plant cells exclusively)
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The site of photosynthesis, which converts energy for the plant cell from sunlight energy and CO2. Oxygen is its waste product.
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