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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define continental shelf.
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>covers about 5% of Earth's surface
>extends in a gently downward slope from the edges of the continents into the oceans >can extend hundreds of miles out into the ocean >wide near the mouths of rivers and off coasts |
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Define continental edge.
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>the point at which the shelf surrounding each continent begins to angle sharply downward toward the ocean depths
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Define continental slope.
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>cliff like drop beyond the continental edge
>true boundary between the deep ocean floor and the continents |
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Define continental rise.
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>stretches from the lower portion of the continental slope to the deepest part of the ocean
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Define abyssal plain.
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>the broad, flat ocean bottom.
>covers nearly half of Earth's surface |
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Define Mid-Ocean Ridge.
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>chain of mountains under the ocean
>longest mountain range in the world >passes through the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans |
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Define seamounts.
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>underwater mountain that formed from a volcano
>example: Mauna Kea: a volcano forming the island of Hawaii |
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Define a sediment.
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>small particles that have drifted and settled on the ocean bottom
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What is ooze?
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>layer of sediments on the ocean floor, forming soft deposits of mud, slime, and decomposed shells
>covers every part of the ocean floor |
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Identify inorganic sediments that are on the bottom of the ocean floor.
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>particle of soil and rock
>deposits from the volcanoes on the ocean floor >remains of living things that are picked up by glaciers >burning of meteors and comets in the atmosphere(iron, nickel) |
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What are some of the organic sediments(ooze) found on the ocean floor?
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>most formed from shells of protists(mostly single-celled algae)
>shells of tiny snails and other small marine animals |
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Identify some chemical and mineral deposits found in the ocean floor.
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> gold
> manganese nodules >there are vast quantities of chemicals in the ocean floor |
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Define turbidity current.
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>a current of water carrying large amounts of sediment.
>these currents may cause sediment to build up in some places >occur near the mouths of rivers where heavy sedimentary deposits have built up. |
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How do scientists learn about the ocean?
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Scientists study the layers of sediments that are in the ocean.
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How are the sedimentary layers of the ocean and a time line similar?
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>A timeline shows how events have happened usually from the past to the present.
>the sedimentary layers of the ocean show the past to the present. |
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What does Sonar stand for and how is sonar used in the study of the ocean?
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Sonar stands for sound navigation ranging.
>sonar is used to map the ocean floor. >ships and boats use sonar to tell the depth of the ocean >porpoises use sonar to navigate and track prey |
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What country first began exploring the ocean floor? What was the name of the ship?
What was discovered? |
country: Great Britan
name: HMS Challenger Discovery: ocean teemed with life, the ocean was deep, conclusion: barely begun to explore the oceans. |
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What is a sumersible?
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>any self-propelled underwater craft.
>shaped like submarines but smaller >carry researches but usually carry robots and equipment |
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What is a bathysphere?
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>older type of submersible
>used by Charles William Beebe to desend to 923 M in 1934 >heavily reinforced, spherical capsule attached to a cable that lowers into the ocean and then brings it back up to the surface. |
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What is a bathyscaphs?
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>replaced bathyspheres
>free-moving >dives and surfaces like a submarine |
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Who was the first person to build a structure that people could live survive in when in the ocean?
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Jacques Cousteau
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