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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define evolution |
The change in hereditary features of a population of organisms over a long period of time |
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Name the first type of evidence of evolution. Describe it. |
Patterns in the fossil record. If layers of rock have not been disturbed, the older layers are beneath the younger layers. In these layers of rock there are fossils of organisms that lived at that time. If a scientist finds fossils of marine life hundreds of kilometers away from the nearest ocean, Using this knowledge, you can conclude that 1, The plates that make up earths crust are moving, 2, these animals have evolved to have adaptations that allow them to move out of the water, 3, that these younger organisms must have evolved out of the older ones. |
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What is the next evidence of evolution. Describe it. |
Cell structure. Looking at cell structure, if many of the characteristics are similar, you can tell that these two organisms are somehow related. Maybe from A common ancestor |
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Next? Describe? |
Similarities in DNA.looking at DNA codes, the more similar they are the more closely one species is related to another |
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Next one? Describe |
Homologous structures.The body parts of different organisms are very similar. For example, the human arm, bird wing, that wing, and dolphin fin all have the same bone structure. They form different functions, but all contain approximately the same number and types of bones and muscles. Suggests that organisms evolved from a common ancestor |
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Last? Describe it. |
Embryonic evidence. The early stages of organisms such as turtles, ducks, pigs, and humans, are all very similar and look identical. This shows that there is a common ancestor for all of the vertebrae's |
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Define homologous structure |
Body parts of different organisms that are similar in origin and structure. |
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Define variation |
And appearance of an inherited trait or behavior that makes one organism different from another of the same species |
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Define adaptation |
When an organism has a variation that makes it better able to survive and reproduce. |
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Six adaptations of Homo sapiens |
Bipedal, opposable arms, large brain, complex terms, binocular vision, flexible shoulders |
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Who was Charles Darwin |
British naturalist born in 1809. Discovered evolution and had a theory about natural selection |
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How did he come about this conclusion? |
He found finches with different beaks that were all part of the same species. These are adaptations |
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What are the four parts of Darwin's theory of natural selection in order? |
Organisms will produce more offspring than you will ever survive. Variations exist within all populations. Some variations are more advantageous than others for survival and reproduction, these are adaptations. over time, only those with adaptations will survive and reproduce |
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... |
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Define a selecting agent |
Anything that puts pressure on a population of organisms and helps weed out ones that aren't good adaptors |
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Three things that a selecting agent could be |
Predators in nature, environmental conditions, diseases |
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Flowchart starting with mutations |
Mutations lead to variations lead to adoptions lead to evolution |
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Define mutation |
A permanent change in a gene or chromosome. then if you change the gene or chromosome, he will change the trait it controls |
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What are two of the biggest mutators |
Chemicals we put in the environment, UV radiation |
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Do they occur naturally, what three things can they be? |
Yes, helpful detrimental or benign |
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Who are the primates |
Humans, apes, monkeys. Apes don't have any tails monkeys do |
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Three examples of apes |
Chimpanzees, orangutans, gorillas |
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Who are we most related to? |
Bonobo, form of chimpanzee |
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When does co-evolution occur? |
When two species evolve structures and behaviors in response to change in each other over a long period of time |
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The end |
The end |
