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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome |
thread like structure in the nucleus make up on many genes |
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gene |
section of DNA that codes for a particular protein which results in a particular trait |
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allele |
different forms of a gene - one from the mother and one from the father. |
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DNA |
deoxyribosenucleic acid is a complex molecule that carries the genetic information by the order of the bases on it |
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double helix |
two strands wound together in a spiral |
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sugar-phosphate |
forms the backbone of the spiral (sides of the ladder) |
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base |
molecules forming pairs which make up the rungs of the DNA molecule |
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AT CG |
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine |
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nucleotide |
a section of DNA containing a base, sugar and phosphate |
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variation |
when offspring have different characteristics to the parents |
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continuous variation |
variation with a wide range of values (eg height, weight) |
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discontinuous variation |
characteristics which are either on value or the other (eg can or cannot tongue roll)
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gamate |
sex cell ;) |
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zygote |
fertilised egg cell |
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fertilisation |
fusion of the male and female sex cells |
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dominant allele |
the allele which is expressed when it is present (represented by a CAPITAL LETTER) |
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recessive allele |
the allele which is only expressed if the dominant allele is absent |
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homozygous |
when both alleles are the same (eg. RR, rr) |
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heterozygous |
when the two alleles are different (eg. Rr) |
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genotype |
what the alleles look like as letters (eg. RR, rr, Rr) |
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phenotype |
the physical appearance of the offspring - how the genotype is expressed |
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pure breeding |
(homozygous) pure breeding organism always breeds true to type in bred with phenotypically similar individual |
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pedigree chart |
chart showing the genotype and phenotype of several generations |
