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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Plastic like layer of the Earth's surface below the lithosphere.
Asthenosphere.
Cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking.
Convection Currents.
Theory that states thats Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into section,s which move around on a special layer of the mantle.
Plate Tectonics.
Area where an oceanic plate goes down into the mantle.
Subduction Zone
Plate boundary where two plates move past one another.
Transform boundary.
Place where two plates move together.
Convergent boundary.
Rigid layer of Earth's surface made up of the crust and a part of the upper mantle.
Lithosphere.
Sensing device that detects magnetic fields, helping to confirm seafloor spreading.
Submersables.
One large landmass hypothesized to have broken apart about 200 million years ago into continents.
Pangaea.
Hypothesis that continents have moved slowly to their current location.
Continental Drift.
Boundary between two plates that are moving apart.
Divergent boundary.
Sections of Earth's crust and upper mantle.
Plates.
Largest layer of Earth's surface, composed of mostly silicon, oxygen, magnesium and iron.
Mantle.
Outermost layer of the Earth's surface.
Crust.
Where rocks on opposite sides of a fault move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates.
Strike-slip fault.
Convergent boundary.
When two plates move towards one another and one plate goes under the other plate.
Divergent boundary.
When two plates move apart from one another.
Transform or strike-slip boundary.
When two plates move horizontally past one another.
How can convection currents cause plate tectonics.
The mantle and the currents are both moving, ay cause some friction or boundaries. Forcing plates to move.
What vibration is produced when stress causes rock to break.
earthquakes
What fault occurs when tension forces full rock apart.
normal fault.
what is the point of earth's surface above the focus in an earthquake.
epicenter.
What is the measure of energy released by an earthquake.
magnitude.
Who are scientists who study earthquakes.
seismologists.
What fault is it when rocks above the fault surface are forced up and over rocks below the fault surface.
reverse fault.
What is the point in Earth's interior where energy is released during an earthquake.
focus.
What is an instrument that is used to record seismic waves from earthquakes.
seismograph.
What is a fault between two plates that are moving sideways past each other.
strike-slip.
Which waves cause particle sin rocks to move back and forth in the same direction as the waves.
Primary waves.
What surface do rocks break and move along once their elastic limits are reached.
focus
What are the 3 types of faults.
Normal, reverse, strike-slip.
What happens along a normal fault.
Rock above the fault surface move downward in relation to rock below the fault surface.
what does the mercalli scale represent.
intensity of the earthquake.
What the slowest wave.
most destructive
surface
S Waves
Slinky "waved"
Slower
Side-to-side, Up and down
-Arrive after p waves
-Transverse
-Solids
P waves
Slinky "push"
Fastest
Compressional
-Solids and liquids
body waves
Seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior
2 types of body waves
s waves
p waves
what is a fold
Bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth's crust.
The presence of _________ supported the theory of plate tectonics.
sea-floor spreading
who hypothesized that the continents were once joined in a single supercontinent, which then moved into pieces that moved apart (Pangaea).
Alfred Wegner
mid-ocean ridge
A chain of underwater mountains.
subduction
A process in which old oceanic plates sink into the mantle.
trench
A depression in the ocean floor that forms when a plate bends as it sinks through a subduction zone.
earthquake can occur when what limit is passed
elastic
what kind of earthquake waves can stretch and compress rocks
shear
P waves: liquids to solids...what happens
speed up
what is recorded lines of an earthquake called
seismogram