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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plastic like layer of the Earth's surface below the lithosphere.
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Asthenosphere.
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Cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking.
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Convection Currents.
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Theory that states thats Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into section,s which move around on a special layer of the mantle.
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Plate Tectonics.
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Area where an oceanic plate goes down into the mantle.
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Subduction Zone
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Plate boundary where two plates move past one another.
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Transform boundary.
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Place where two plates move together.
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Convergent boundary.
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Rigid layer of Earth's surface made up of the crust and a part of the upper mantle.
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Lithosphere.
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Sensing device that detects magnetic fields, helping to confirm seafloor spreading.
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Submersables.
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One large landmass hypothesized to have broken apart about 200 million years ago into continents.
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Pangaea.
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Hypothesis that continents have moved slowly to their current location.
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Continental Drift.
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Boundary between two plates that are moving apart.
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Divergent boundary.
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Sections of Earth's crust and upper mantle.
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Plates.
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Largest layer of Earth's surface, composed of mostly silicon, oxygen, magnesium and iron.
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Mantle.
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Outermost layer of the Earth's surface.
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Crust.
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Where rocks on opposite sides of a fault move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates.
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Strike-slip fault.
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Convergent boundary.
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When two plates move towards one another and one plate goes under the other plate.
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Divergent boundary.
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When two plates move apart from one another.
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Transform or strike-slip boundary.
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When two plates move horizontally past one another.
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How can convection currents cause plate tectonics.
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The mantle and the currents are both moving, ay cause some friction or boundaries. Forcing plates to move.
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What vibration is produced when stress causes rock to break.
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earthquakes
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What fault occurs when tension forces full rock apart.
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normal fault.
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what is the point of earth's surface above the focus in an earthquake.
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epicenter.
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What is the measure of energy released by an earthquake.
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magnitude.
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Who are scientists who study earthquakes.
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seismologists.
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What fault is it when rocks above the fault surface are forced up and over rocks below the fault surface.
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reverse fault.
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What is the point in Earth's interior where energy is released during an earthquake.
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focus.
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What is an instrument that is used to record seismic waves from earthquakes.
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seismograph.
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What is a fault between two plates that are moving sideways past each other.
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strike-slip.
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Which waves cause particle sin rocks to move back and forth in the same direction as the waves.
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Primary waves.
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What surface do rocks break and move along once their elastic limits are reached.
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focus
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What are the 3 types of faults.
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Normal, reverse, strike-slip.
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What happens along a normal fault.
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Rock above the fault surface move downward in relation to rock below the fault surface.
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what does the mercalli scale represent.
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intensity of the earthquake.
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What the slowest wave.
most destructive |
surface
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S Waves
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Slinky "waved"
Slower Side-to-side, Up and down -Arrive after p waves -Transverse -Solids |
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P waves
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Slinky "push"
Fastest Compressional -Solids and liquids |
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body waves
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Seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior
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2 types of body waves
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s waves
p waves |
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what is a fold
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Bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth's crust.
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The presence of _________ supported the theory of plate tectonics.
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sea-floor spreading
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who hypothesized that the continents were once joined in a single supercontinent, which then moved into pieces that moved apart (Pangaea).
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Alfred Wegner
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mid-ocean ridge
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A chain of underwater mountains.
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subduction
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A process in which old oceanic plates sink into the mantle.
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trench
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A depression in the ocean floor that forms when a plate bends as it sinks through a subduction zone.
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earthquake can occur when what limit is passed
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elastic
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what kind of earthquake waves can stretch and compress rocks
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shear
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P waves: liquids to solids...what happens
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speed up
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what is recorded lines of an earthquake called
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seismogram
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