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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magma |
Melted rock, formed under the Earths crust by high temperature and pressure |
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Rock |
Natural material composed of one or more minerals |
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Metamorphic Rock |
A type of rock made when high pressure and heat act on another type of rock and change it into a new form ( squish the two rocks together ) |
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Crust |
The thin, outermost layer of Earth |
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Extrusive rock |
A type of igneous rock formed when magma ( lava ) cools and solidifies above the Earths crust |
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Intrusive rock |
The type of igneous rock formed when magma cools and solidifies below the Earths crust |
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Igneous rock |
The type of rock that is formed by the solidification of hot magma ( lava ), it is identified by extrusive or intrusive |
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Sedimentary rock |
The most common type of rock on the Earths surface, formed by the compacting of sediment |
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Erosion |
The process of moving soil and rock from one place to another; mechanical weathering caused by the effects of wind and/ or water |
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Lava |
The term used for magma when it breaks through the Earths crust, as a volcanic eruption |
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Minerals |
An inorganic, naturally occurring solid material; minerals can be either elements ( pure substances ) or compounds ( two or more substances combined ) |
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Epicentre |
The area on the surface of the Earth that is directly above the focus, or source, of a earthquake |
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Fault |
An area where two very large rock surfaces move against each other |
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Secondary waves |
The second fastest moving of the three types of seismic waves that are produced by an earthquake, originating from its focus, can pass through solids but not liquids or gases |
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Surface waves |
The slowest moving out of the three types of seismic waves that are produced by an earthquake; originating from its epicentre; surface waves do the most damage out of the three types of waves |
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Lustre |
Shininess of a material |
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Colour |
The colours of a mineral when you look at it |
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Streak |
The colour of a mineral in powdered form |
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Cleavage |
The characteristic of splitting along smooth, flat planes |
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Fracture |
When a mineral breaks/cracks it's edges will be rough and uneven |
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Which type of identifying minerals is the least effective? |
Colour; minerals can contain many of the same colours as other materials |
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What does soil need in order to correctly develop? |
- decaying organic matter: dead plants, animals - nutrients - humus -small grains of rock ( dirt ) |
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What are some examples of chemical weathering? |
- breaking down minerals through chemical weathering |
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What are some examples of mechanical weathering? |
- physical break up of rocks -rocks rolling down a slope - frost wedging |
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What are some examples of biological weathering? |
- physical or chemical break down of rocks by living organisms - plant root wedges |
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Continental Drift: Biological evidence |
Fossils on one continent match similar fossils on another continent |
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Continental Drift: Evidence from Rocks |
Similarities of rocks on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean |
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Continental Drift: Geological Evidence from Climate |
Coal beds exist in North America, Europe, Antarctica now with moderate to cold climates that cooler climates of the past have produced similar coal beds, rocks, and minerals |
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Element |
Pure substance |
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Compounds |
Two or more substances combined |
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MOHs scale |
How hard different rocks are |
