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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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algae
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plantlike protists
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allele
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different forms of a gene that control a trait
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bacteria
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single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryote
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biologist
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one who studies biology
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cell
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basic unit of structure and function in an organism
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cell membrane
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cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
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cell wall
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rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
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chlorophyll
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green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
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chromosomes
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rod-shaped structures that carry information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type
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controlled
experiment |
an experiment in which all factors are kept the constant except one
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cytoplasm
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region of a cell that contains gel-like material and cell structures
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data
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observations and measurements made in an experiment
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diffusion
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process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent of offspring
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dominant allele
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allele whose trait always show up in the organism when the allele is present
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double helix
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twisted ladder or spiral staircase structure of the DNA molecule
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evolution
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process by which a species gradually changes over time
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fertilization
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the process in which an egg cell and sperm cell join to form a new organism
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gene
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segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a specific trait
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genotype
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type of gene or allele combinations
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heredity
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passing of traits from parents to offspring
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hybrid
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organism that has two different alleles for a trait; organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
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hypothesis
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a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
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karyotype
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picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs
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manipulated
variable |
the factor you change in an experiment
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meiosis
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process that occurs in the formation of sex cells; produces reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes
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mitochondria
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"powerhouses" of the cell; converts energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its function
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mitosis
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stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei producing two identical cells
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nucleic acids
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organic molecule, contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life
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nucleus
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cell organelle that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct the cell's activities
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organelle
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tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell like a tiny organ
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organism
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a living thing
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pasteurization
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process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food
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pedigree
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chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular
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phenotype
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organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
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probability
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number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
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Punnet square
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chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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recessive allele
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allele whose trait is hidden or masked whenever a dominant allele is present
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rna
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ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
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scientific theory
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well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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