Science

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trait

Back 1

a notable feature or quality in a person

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DNA

Back 2

deoxyribonucleic acid, in almost all living organisms as the main part of chromosomes and it's the carrier of genetic information.

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Nucleus

Back 3

organelle present in most eukaryotic cells and is the carrier of genetic material.

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Gene

Back 4

a unit of heredity that the offspring inherits from the parent and is held (by the offspring) to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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Chromosomes

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a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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proteins

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compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms

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heredity

Back 7

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

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inherited

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the passing of traits from the parents to the child

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dominant

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the allele that “masks” the other

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Recessive

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the allele that is hidden by another

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Genotype

Back 11

genetic information

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Phenotype

Back 12

physical traits

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Incomplete Dominance

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when neither allele hides the other and the result is a mix of the two

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Asexual reproduction

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(reproduction without the fusion of gametes) when the cell divides into two identical cells

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Budding

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outgrowth from an organism that separates to form a new cell without sexual reproduction

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Sexual Reproduction

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reproduction with two parents where the two gametes unite to form a zygote.

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Mutation

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the changing of the structure of a gene; caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the insertion, deletion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes

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Genetic Disorders

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a disease or condition caused by an absent or defective gene or by a chromosomal irregularity

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Gamete

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male or female haploid cell (has half the amount of chromosomes) that unites with the opposite sex cell to form a zygote

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Egg/Sperm Cell

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egg cell is female sex cell and sperm cell is the male sex cell

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Fertilization

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the union of female and male gametes

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Zygote

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The cell that is created from a sperm and an egg cell

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Diploid Cell

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a cell with the full number of chromosomes

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Haploid Cell

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a cell with half the amount of chromosomes

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Meiosis

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a type of cell division that results in two cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (purpose is to produce gametes)

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Mitosis

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a type of cell division that results in two cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent (this is in asexual reproduction when the cell divides into two identical cells)

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Gregor Mendel

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demonstrated the transmission of characteristics in a predictable way by genes that remain intact and independent between generations and do not blend, although they may mask one another's effects. (using pea plants)

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Eukaryotic Cells

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an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a nucleus

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Prokaryotic Cells

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single-cell organism without a nucleus

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Homozygous

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when you have the same allele for a trait

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trait

Back 31

a notable feature or quality in a person

Front 32

DNA

Back 32

deoxyribonucleic acid, in almost all living organisms as the main part of chromosomes and it's the carrier of genetic information.

Front 33

Nucleus

Back 33

organelle present in most eukaryotic cells and is the carrier of genetic material.

Front 34

Gene

Back 34

a unit of heredity that the offspring inherits from the parent and is held (by the offspring) to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Front 35

Chromosomes

Back 35

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Front 36

proteins

Back 36

compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms

Front 37

heredity

Back 37

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

Front 38

inherited

Back 38

the passing of traits from the parents to the child

Front 39

dominant

Back 39

the allele that “masks” the other

Front 40

Recessive

Back 40

the allele that is hidden by another

Front 41

Genotype

Back 41

genetic information

Front 42

Phenotype

Back 42

physical traits

Front 43

Incomplete Dominance

Back 43

when neither allele hides the other and the result is a mix of the two

Front 44

Asexual reproduction

Back 44

(reproduction without the fusion of gametes) when the cell divides into two identical cells

Front 45

Budding

Back 45

outgrowth from an organism that separates to form a new cell without sexual reproduction

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Heterozygous

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when you have two different alleles for a trait

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Allele

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the different versions of a trait