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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is DNA?
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deoxyribonucleic acid
heredity material that controls all activities of the cell, contains information to make new cells, provides instructions for making proteins |
p.208 + 80
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What are nucleotides?
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a subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases
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p.209 + 80
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What are the four bases?
What are they usually referred to? |
adenine a
thymine t guanine g cytosine c |
p. 80
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What is Chargaff's Rules?
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the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine
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p. 81
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What is the process of X-ray diffraction?
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x rays bombard the DNA molecule
when the x-ray hits a particle within the molecule the ray bounces off the particle creates a pattern that is captured on film |
p. 81
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What image of DNA did Franklin create?
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spiral shape
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p.81
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What does the image of DNA resemble?
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double helix (twisted ladder)
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p.81
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Using a ladder as an example, what is the DNA structure?
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two sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar molecules and phosphate molecules
the rungs of the ladder are composed of a pair of nucleotide bases adenine on one side always pairs up with thymine on the other side Guanine always pairs up with cytosine in the same way |
p.82
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Why is one side of a DNA molecule considered to be complementary to the other?
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adenine always bonds with thymine and guanine always bonds with cytosine which allows them to replicate
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p.83
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How does DNA replicate?
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by splitting down the middle where the two bases meet
bases on each side of the molecule can be used as a template for a complementary side this creates two identical molecules of DNA |
p.83
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True or False: DNA functions in the same way for all organisms.
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True
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p.84
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What is incomplete dominance?
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traits that do not blend together but each allele has its own degree of influence
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p.86
ex. dominant: red RR+ white rr= red incomplete dominance: red R1R1 + white R2R2 = pink |
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Describe the basic structure of the DNA.
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two sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar molecules and phosphate molecules
the rungs of the ladder are composed of a pair of nucleotide bases adenine on one side always pairs up with thymine on the other side Guanine always pairs up with cytosine in the same way |
p.82
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Explain how DNA molecules can be copied.
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by splitting down the middle where the two bases meet
bases on each side of the molecule can be used as a template for a complementary side this creates two identical molecules of DNA |
p.83
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Explain some of the exceptions to Mendel's heredity principles.
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Incomplete Dominance
One gene can influence many traits many genes can influence a single trait things in the environment influence how u grow & develop |
p.87
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List & describe the parts of a nucleotide.
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consists of 3 different types of materials
a sugar a phosphate a base- adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
p.80
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What bases pair together in a DNA molecule?
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adenine to thymine
guanine to cytosine |
p.80
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What shape was suggested by Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images?
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double helix (twisted ladder)
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p.81
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Explain what is meant by the statement, "DNA unites all organisms."
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DNA functions the same in all organisms
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p.84
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If a sample of DNA were found to contain 20 percent cytosine, what percentage of guanine would be in this sample? Why?
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20 percent of guanine because the amount of guanine and cytosine are equal
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p.81
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