Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
True or False.
Foggy, rainy, or humid weather usually follows the passage of a COLD FRONT through an area. |
false; warm
|
|
|
True or False.
Low cumulonimbus clouds may bring both thunderstorms and TORNADOES. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
If you are caught in a snowstorm, try to find shelter from the SNOW. |
False; wind
|
|
|
True or False.
Scientists who study the causes of weather and try to predict it are called METEOROLOGISTS. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
Infrared radiation and ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION make up most of the energy Earth receives from the sun. |
false; visible light
|
|
|
True or False.
Water molecules in liquid water escape into the atmosphere as water vapor in the process of EVAPORATION. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
SCATTERING is a natural process that keeps Earth’s atmosphere warm. |
false; greenhouse effect
|
|
|
True of False.
Electromagnetic waves are classified according to WAVELENGTH. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
A WIND is a horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
Local winds are winds that blow over LONG distances. |
False; short
|
|
|
True or False.
The LOWER on a mountain you go the colder the temperature gets. |
False; higher
|
|
|
True or Fasle.
On a weather map, ISOBARS join places on the map with the same temperature. |
Fasle; isotherms
|
|
|
True or Fasle.
A tropical depression IS THE SAME as a tropical disturbance. |
false; is not the same
|
|
|
True or Fasle.
The process by which gases hold heat in the atmosphere is called the WIND-CHILL FACTOR. |
Fasle; greenhouse effect
|
|
|
True or False.
Clouds that form near the ground are called FOG. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
Visible light with the shortest wavelength is RED light. |
False; VIOLET
|
|
|
True or False.
The process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water is called EVAPORATION. |
False; condensation
|
|
|
True or False.
The increased cooling that a wind can cause is called the CORIOLIS EFFECT . |
False; wind-chill factor
|
|
|
True or False.
For WATER VAPOR to condense, tiny particles must be present so the water has a surface on which to condense. |
True
|
|
|
True or False.
Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances are called DOLDRUMS. |
False; global winds
|
|
|
True or False.
The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve is called PREVAILING WESTERLIES. |
False; Coriolis effect
|
|
|
An air mass that forms over an ocean is called ....
a. tropical b. continental c. maritime d. polar |
c. maritime
|
|
|
Winds spiraling inward toward a center of low pressure form a(n) ....
a. anticyclone b. front c. isobar d. cyclone |
d. cyclone
|
|
|
The most complex weather situations occur in what type of front?
a. stationary b. cold c. warm d. occluded |
d. occluded
|
|
|
An area where the air masses meet and do not mix is called a(n) __________________.
a. front b. tornado c. hurricane d. cloud |
a. front
|
|
|
The seasons are a result of ....
a. prevailing weasterlies b. Earth’s tilted axis c. the moon d. ocean currents |
b. Earth's tilted axis
|
|
|
Energy from the sun travels to Earth’s surface by ....
a. radiation b. convection c. evaporation d. conduction |
a. radiation
|
|
|
Rising warm air transports heat energy by ....
a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. condensation |
b. convection
|
|
|
The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching is called ....
a. radiation b. convection c. conduction d. thermal transfer |
c. conduction
|
|
|
The transfer of heat by movement of a fluid is called ....
a. convection b. radiation c. conduction d. heat |
a. convection
|
|
|
The process by which gases hold heat in the air is called _________________.
a. infrared radiation b. scattering c. greenhouse effect d. Coriolis effect |
c. greenhouse effect
|
|
|
Energy from the sun that is absorbed by Earth’s surface is changed into ....
a. wavelengths b. heat c. sunlight d. clouds |
b. heat
|
|
|
Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons are called _________.
a. monsoons b. typhoons c. isotherms d. isobars |
a. monsoons
|
|
|
A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure throughout it is called a(n) _____________________.
a. front b. air mass c. hurricane d. tornado |
b. air mass
|
|
|
The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold is called ________________.
a. fog b. wind chill factor c. relative humidity d. greenhouse effect |
c. relative humidity
|
|
|
The wind distributes ___________ and ____________ to the ocean.
a. heat and cold b. nutrients and predators c. heat and nutrients d. predators and prey |
c. heat and nutrients
|
|
|
Clouds are classified by their ....
a. size b. altitude c. latitude d. color |
b. altitude
|
|
|
The total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance is called __________________.
a. ultraviolet radiation b. global winds c. thermal energy d. isobars |
c. thermal energy
|
|
|
A sudden spark or energy discharge ....
a. flash flood b. storm surge c. isotherms d. lightning |
d. lightning
|
|
|
Lines joining places that have the same temperature ....
a. isotherms b. isobars c. front d. psychrometer |
a. isotherms
|
|
|
Lines that join places on the map that have the same air pressure ....
a. isotherms b. air mass c. isobars d. wind gauge |
c. isobars
|
|
|
All of the following are zones of Earth’s surface except ....
a. polar b. temperate c. tropical d. humid |
d. humid
|
|
|
An air mass that forms over an ocean is called ....
a. tropical b. continental c. maritime d. polar |
c. maritime
|
|
|
Which is the correct order for the development of a hurricane?
a. tropical storm, tropical depression, hurricane b. tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane c. tropical depression, tropical disturbance, hurricane d. tropical depression, hurricane, tropical disturbance |
b. tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane
|
|
|
What piece of equipment is used to measure air temperature?
a. thermometer b. anemometer c. wind vane d. rain gauge |
a. thermometer
|
|
|
A form of energy with wavelengths that are longer that red light ....
a. radiation b. ultraviolet radiation c. visible light d. infrared radiation |
d. infared radiation
|
|
|
The center of a hurricane, where the weather is completely calm is known as the _______.
a. eye b. middle point c. El Nino d. temple |
a. eye
|
|
|
The reflection of light in all directions is known as ___________________.
a. greenhouse effect b. electromagnetic waves c. thermal energy d. scattering |
d. scattering
|
|
|
Energy from the sun travels to Earth’s surface by ....
a. radiation b. convection c. evaporation d. conduction |
a. radiation
|
|
|
Rain, sleet, and hail are all forms of ....
a. evaporation b. condensation c. precipitation d. convection |
c. precipitation
|
|
|
The seasons are a result of ....
a. prevailing weasterlies b. Earth’s tilted axis c. the moon d. ocean currents |
b. Earth's tilted axis
|
|
|
Rising warm air transports heat energy by ....
a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. condensation |
b. convection
|
|
|
All of the following are zones of Earth’s surface except ....
a. polar b. temperate c. tropical d. humid |
d. humid
|
|
|
Most flash floods are caused by ....
a. hailstorms b. heavy rainfall c. high winds d. melting snow |
b. heavy rainfall
|
|
|
Energy from the sun that is absorbed by Earth’s surface is changed into ....
a. wavelengths b. heat c. sunlight d. clouds |
b. heat
|
|
|
The two basic characteristics used to describe air masses are _____________ and ____________.
|
temperature ; humidity
|
|
|
A warm air mass that is cut off from the ground is said to be ________________.
|
occluded
|
|
|
The two main factors that determine the climate of a region are _______________ and ________________.
|
temperature; precipitation
|
|
|
The three main types of clouds are known as ___________________, ___________________, and ______________________.
|
stratus ; cumulus ; cirrus
|
|
|
The three major wind belts are _____________________, ___________________, and ____________________.
|
trade winds; prevailing westerlies; polar easterlies
|
|
|
Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances are called __________ ______________.
|
global winds
|
|
|
The increased cooling that a wind can cause is called __________________.
|
wind chill factor
|
|
|
The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve is called _____________ ____________.
|
coriolis effect
|
|
|
The reflection of light in all directions is known as __________________.
|
scattering
|
|
|
____________________, _____________________, and ________________ are three sources of information that meteorologists use to predict weather.
|
radar satellites; weather balloons; psychrometers;
|
|
|
Wind that flows from the sea to land is known as __________ _______________.
|
sea breeze
|
|
|
_____________, __________________, ________________, and ________________ are the four factors that affect temperature.
|
altitude; latitude; ocean currents; distance from water
|
|
|
Hurricanes are the same as ____________________.
|
typhoons
|
|
|
The ____________________ side of a mountain is the side that the oncoming wind hits.
|
windward
|
|
|
The higher on a mountain you go the ____________ the temperature gets.
|
lower
|
|
|
The two types of climates are the _________________ and _________________.
|
marine; continental
|
|
|
The ____________ to the equator an area is the warmer it is.
|
closer
|
|
|
The four types of front include; ____________________, ________________________, _________________________, and ______________________.
|
warm front; cold front; stationary front; occluded front
|
|
|
A __________ ______________ is used to measure precipitation.
|
rain gauge
|
|
|
The movement of air between the ______________ and the _____________ produces global winds.
|
equator; poles
|
|
|
A warm air mass that is cut off from the ground is said to be ________________.
|
occluded
|
|
|
The two main factors that determine the climate of a region are _______________ and ________________.
|
temperature; precipitation
|
|
|
The two types of air masses that form over land are known as ___________________ and ______________.
|
continental polar; continental tropical
|
|
|
The ____________________ side of a mountain is the side that the oncoming wind hits.
|
windward
|
|
|
The two basic characteristics used to describe air masses are _____________ and ____________.
|
temperature; humidity
|
|
|
The area where air masses meet and do not mix becomes a(n) __________________.
|
front
|
|
|
___________________ of all kind form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water or ice crystals.
|
clouds
|
|
|
A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure throughout it is called a(n) _______________________.
|
air mass
|
|
|
Long periods of unusually low precipitation are called _____________________.
|
droughts
|
|
|
The two types of air masses that form over water are known as _________________, and _________________.
|
maritime tropical; maritime polar
|
|
|
a sudden, violent flood that occurs within a few hours, or even minutes, of a storm
|
flash flood
|
|
|
warm water event that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean
|
El Nino
|
|
|
a dome of water that sweeps across the coast where the hurricane lands
|
storm surge
|
|
|
lines joining places on the map that have the same air pressure
|
isobars
|
|
|
lines joining places that have the same temperature
|
isotherms
|
|
|
a sudden spark, or energy discharge
|
lightning
|
|
|
an area where two air masses meet but do not mix
|
front
|
|
|
to move away temporarily
|
evacuate
|
|
|
meaning “heap” or “mass”
|
cumulus
|
|
|
the energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one
|
heat
|
|
|
Meaning “cold” or “ice crystals”
|
cirro
|
|
|
long periods of unusually low precipitation
|
drought
|
|
|
high pressure centers of dry air
|
anticyclone
|
|
|
low pressure centers of dry air
|
cyclone
|
|
|
clouds that form near ground
|
fog
|
|
|
visible light with the shortest wavelength
|
violet
|
|
|
the area where air masses meet and do not mix
|
front
|
|
|
a sudden, violent flood that occurs within a few hours, or even minutes of a storm
|
flash flood
|
|
|
a warm water event that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean
|
El Nino
|
|
|
meaning “high”
|
alto
|
|
|
the total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance
|
thermal energy
|
|
|
bands of high speed winds about 10km above Earth’s surface
|
jet streams
|
|
|
the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
|
radiation
|
|
|
meaning “spread out”
|
strato
|
|
|
meaning "rain"
|
nimbus
|
|
|
List and describe the four types of fronts. What are the symbols used for each on a weather map?
|
cold front:
rapidly moving cold air, meets slowly moving warm air and the cold air slides underneath the warm air causing it to move upward, cause abrupt weather changes and cooler temperatures warm front: warm air mass collides with a cold air mass, the warm air moves over the cold, brings showers and warm humid weather stationary front: cold and warm air masses meet but can not move the other. brings clouds and precipitation occluded front: most complex, warm air is caught between two cooler air masses, rain and clouds may form |
|
|
What causes thunder?
|
Rapidly heated air near lightning expands suddenly and explosively causing thunder.
|
|
|
List in order from weakest to strongest the four types of tropical cyclones.
|
tropical disturbance
tropical depression tropical storm hurricane |
|
|
Explain the causes of the greenhouse effect and how does it affect the atmosphere of Earth?
|
The greenhouse effect is caused by the absorption of heat from Earth’s surface by carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the atmosphere. It keeps Earth’s atmosphere at a temperature that is warmer than it would otherwise be.
|
|
|
What form of heat transfer is most important in heating the troposphere and how does it work?
|
Convection causes most of the heating of the troposphere as the upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form convection currents.
|
|
|
How do clouds form? What needs to be present for clouds to form? Why do clouds usually form high in air instead of near Earth’s surface”?
|
Clouds usually form high in the air instead of at Earth’s surface because the air must be cold for water vapor to condense and form clouds and air at high altitudes usually is colder than air near the surface. There must be particles present for vapor to condense on.
|
|
|
What is the source of the energy that powers Earth’s winds?
|
Earth’s winds are powered by unequal heating of Earth’s atmosphere by the sun.
|
|
|
List the three forms of radiation from the sun? How are these alike? How are they different?
|
visible light:
the mixture of all colors -red/orange longest -blue/violet shortest infrared radiation: wavelengths are longer than red and are felt as heat ultraviolet radiation: wavelengths that are shorter than violet and cause sunburns, skin cancer, and eye damage (they differ in their wavelengths) |
|
|
Describe what weather conditions the following instruments are used to measure.
anemometer thermometer rain gauge psychrometer |
anemometer : wind speed
thermometer : temperature rain gauge : precipitation psychrometer : relative humidity |
|
|
Name the two types of air masses that form over water and the two types that form over land.
|
WATER
maritime tropical maritime polar LAND continental tropical continental polar |
|
|
What are the main factors that affect precipitation?
|
prevailing winds and presence of mountains
|
|
|
Describe the conditions of a marine climate.
|
relatively warm winters and cool summers
|
|
|
Name the four factors that affect temperature.
|
1. altitude
2. latitude 3. distance from large bodies of water 4. ocean currents |
|
|
What are some of the sources of information that meteorologists use to predict weather?
|
- local weather observers
- instruments carried by balloons - satellites - weather stations around the world |
|
|
Describe three hazards associated with floods.
|
1. knock down electrical poles and cut off power supplies
2. cause landslides and mudslides 3. block or wash away roads, |
|
|
Why does a hurricane slow down and lose strength once it passes over land?
|
It no longer has warm, moist air to draw energy from
|
|
|
What is the source of the energy that powers Earth’s winds?
|
Earth’s winds are powered by unequal heating of Earth’s atmosphere by the sun.
|
|
|
Would you expect hurricanes to form over the oceans off the northeast and northwest coasts of the US? Explain.
|
No, the temperature of the water is too cold to provide energy for a hurricane.
|
|
|
Name the four factors that affect temperature.
|
1. altitude
2. latitude 3. distance from large bodies of water 4. ocean currents |
|
|
Name the five common types of precipitation.
|
1. rain
2. sleet 3. freezing rain 4. hail 5. snow |
|
|
What is the difference between a land breeze and a sea breeze?
|
Land Breezes flow from land to a body of water.
Sea breezes flow from a body of water to land. |
|
|
Name four safety precautions to practice during a thunderstorm.
|
1. avoid touching telephones
2. plumbing fixtures 3. get to the lowest spot if outside 4. do not touch metal |
|
|
What else should you study?!?!!?!?
|
this is just about everything although i would look over your astronomy test and maybe take a look at those power points :)
p.s. they are on ..... www.tlindmark.webs.com |
|
|
Nebula is the ________ of stars.
|
birthplace
|
|
|
How long a star lives depends on its ______
|
mass
|
|
|
What are three types of neulae?
|
Emission; Reflection; Planetary
|
|
|
How do astronauts clean themselves in space?
|
they take a wash cloth and wipe themselves with alcohol
|
|
|
How is the Brain affected by space travel?
|
it has a hard time interpreting the senses causing a difficulty in balance
|
|
|
Who was the 1st woman in space?
|
Valentina Tereshova
|
|
|
What is the surface temperature of the sun?
|
5550 degrees celsius
|
|
|
What is SOHO?
|
The sola and heliospheric oservatory
|
|
|
What is the photosphere?
|
the visible surface of the sun
|
|
|
What is the nucleus of a comet made up of?
|
ball of ice and rocky dust particles
|
|
|
How long can a comets tail be?
|
10 million kilometers or or longer
|
|
|
Where do comets come from? (2 answers)
|
Oort cloud; Kuiper belt
|
|
|
Give the 5 names of the main asteroids.
|
Eros, Gaspra, Vesta, Ceres, IDA
|
|
|
Asteroids are composed of metallic-nickel, _____ pure nickel iron, and other _______ debris.
|
iron; space
|
|
|
What is a meteoroid shower?
|
caused when meteoroids enters Earth's orbit and makes contact with Earth at a higher rate than usual
|
|
|
Name the three types of telescopes.
|
radio, high-energy; optical
|
|
|
What is an observatory usedd for?
|
observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects
|
|
|
How many moons does Saturn have? What is the largest moons name?
|
53; Titan
|
|
|
What is the name of Saturn's artifical satellite
|
Cassini
|
|
|
How long does it take for Saturn to revolve around the sun?
|
10,759 Earth days
|
|
|
Name the five dwarf planets
|
pluto; eres; ceris; makemake; haumea
|
|
|
What is the name of Pluto's moon?
|
Charon
|
|
|
How many constellations have been accounted for?
|
88
|
|
|
What is the name of the largest constellation?
|
Hydra
|
|
|
Constellations were ______ not discovered
|
invented
|
|
|
How long ago is the universe said to have begun?
|
Nine billion years after the big bang
|
|
|
Name the 5 scientists that contributed to modern astronomy
|
Johannes Kepler; Hipparchus; Nicholas Copernicus; Galileo Galilei; Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel
|
|
|
What are two things left over after a supernova?
|
neutron star; black hole
|
|
|
During a supernova there is more energy emitted than the sun will emit in over ___________ years
|
10 billion
|
|
|
How many stars are in the Milky Way?
|
100 billion
|
|
|
Who was the scientist that first observed the Milky Way?
|
Galileo
|
|
|
What is the Latin name for the Milky Way?
|
Via Lactea
|
|
|
What causes the tides?
|
gravitational pull between the moon and the earth
|
|
|
How far away is the moon from Earth?
|
about 250,000 miles
|
|
|
What is the difference between a new moon and a full moon?
|
You can't see a new moon but you see the entire moon when it is a full moon
|
|
|
What is a worm hole?
|
a hypothetical tunnel connecting two different points in space time
|
|
|
Hoe does a white hole differ from a black hole
|
it ejects things instead of sucking them in
|
|
|
How do Black Holes form?
|
when a giant star dies
|
|
|
What does SETI stand for?
|
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
|
|
|
What does the golilocks story have to do with life beyond earth?
|
Mars and other planets were too cold. Mercury and Venus were too hot, but Earth was just right just like the porridge
|
|
|
What is needed for life to exist?
|
an atmosphere with oxygen, nitrogen, and not a lot of carbon dioxide; climate that does not go from one extreme to the other; water; some heat from the sun
|
|
|
Why is Jupiter called a gas giant?
|
it does not have a solid surface
|
|
|
How many moons does Jupiter have?
|
63
|
|
|
What is the Great Red Spot?
|
a giant storm that has been raging for at least 300 years
|
|
|
What are space stations?
|
large artifical satellite
|
|
|
Name the three types of satellites
|
communication; navigation; weather
|
|
|
what are the two major types of star clusters?
|
open clusters; globular clusters
|
|
|
What is the great wall?
|
a sheet of galaxies which stretches more than 500 million light years across the sky
|
|
|
Approximately how many galaxies exist?
|
about 100-200 billion
|
|
|
Galaxies are classified by their _______.
|
shape
|
|
|
What are the four types of galaxies?
|
spiral; barred spiral; elliptical; irregular
|
|
|
Which type is the most frequent type of dwarf?
|
red dwarfs
|
|
|
What is the approximate size of a white dwarf?
|
about the size of earth
|
|
|
What is a neutron star?
|
forms when large stars run out of fuel and collapse
|
|
|
What are space rovers?
|
vehicles designed to move across the surface planets or other bodies in space
|
|
|
What happened on July 20, 1969?
|
The U.S. landed the Apollo 11, the first manned mission to reach the moon
|
|
|
Who was involved in the landingof the Apollo 11?
|
Neil Armstrong; Mike Collins; Buzz Aldrion
|
|
|
What are two reasons to travel in space?
|
promote science educaion
|
|
|
What is a rocket's average speed?
|
17,322 miles per hour
|
|
|
When was the first space shuttle flight?
|
1981
|
|
|
What are two possible problems that could arise with space travel?
|
the parachute of the spacecraft could fail to unfold; ground operators could transmit the wrong command
|
