Science

Front 1

Which of the following scientists first described evolution as a process of adaptation?
a. Darwin
b. Buffon
c. Lamarck
d. Lyell
e. Malthus

Back 1

C. Lyell

Front 2

The ideas of Charles Lyell and other geologists of the time suggested that

Back 2

the earth was much older than originally thought

Front 3

The idea that an individual’s enhanced characteristics would be passed on to offspring is called

Back 3

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Front 4

Thomas Malthus proposed that events such as disease, famine, and homelessness were caused by

Back 4

an increase in human population

Front 5

In certain environments, a greenish form of a caterpillar blends in with its surroundings better than a yellowish form of the same type of caterpillar. Therefore, the yellow caterpillar is eaten more often by birds than the green caterpillar. More of the green caterpillars become butterflies that produce more green caterpillars. The percentage of green caterpillars in the population grows. This is an example of

Back 5

natural selection

Front 6

The preserved remains of an organism are called

Back 6

fossils

Front 7

Which of the following statements is true?
a. Fossils of extinct species do not help scientists today.
b. Fossils of extinct species hold all the clues needed to explain evolution.
c. Fossils of extinct species are never found above sea level.
d. Fossils of extinct species help scientists reconstruct the past.
e. Fossils of extinct species show how little life on Earth has changed.

Back 7

D. fossils of extinct species help scientists to reconstruct the past

Front 8

Whale flippers, bat wings, and cat legs are considered to be __________________ because they have the same skeletal parts, despite the fact that they have different functions.

Back 8

homologous structures

Front 9

An example of a vestigial structure is

Back 9

the human tailbone

Front 10

Which organism’s amino acid sequence for hemoglobin most closely matches that of a human?

Back 10

Gorrillas

Front 11

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time is called a(n)

Back 11

population

Front 12

Difference among members of the same species is known as

Back 12

variation

Front 13

Natural selection tends to result in the success of

Back 13

organisms that are most adapt to their environment

Front 14

Genetic drift in a small population that is colonizing a new territory is known as

Back 14

the founder effect

Front 15

Which of the following statements is true?
a. Populations rarely remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for long in nature.
b. Larger populations are impacted by genetic drift more than smaller ones.
c. A change in the gene pool due to chance is called gene flow.
d. The exchange of genes with another population is called genetic drift.
e. Reducing the size of a population actually increases the gene pool.

Back 15

a. Populations rarely remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for long in nature.

Front 16

Mutations are the original source of variation in
a. large populations.
b. sexually reproducing organisms.
c. asexually reproducing organisms.
d. small populations.
e. all of the above.

Back 16

e. all of the above

Front 17

The best measure of an organism’s biological fitness is

Back 17

whether it produces healthy fertile offspring

Front 18

The Grant’s research on finch beaks on the Galápagos Islands has shown that

Back 18

natural selection can be measured in a human lifetime

Front 19

Sickle-cell allele is common in human populations in the African tropics. One probable reason for this is that the allele provides resistance to the symptoms of

Back 19

malaria