Science 2Nd Quarter Review Cards

Front 1

Is the sudden shaking or movement of the crust.

Back 1

Earthquake

Front 2

The outermost solid portion of Earth that houses all living things.

Back 2

Crust

Front 3

The layer of the atmosphere wherein all weather phenomena occurs.

Back 3

Troposphere

Front 4

Is a region that carries the entire crust that extends down to the upper portion of the asthenosphere.

Back 4

Lithosphere

Front 5

The lithosphere is _______ _______. The rocks here are elastic but brittle that they deform or fracture as they receive and store stress.

Back 5

Elastic Solid

Front 6

Enumerate the 5 layers of the earth.

Back 6

Crust, upper and lower mantle, and outer and inner core.

Front 7

The upper mantle is also known as..?

Back 7

The Asthenosphere

Front 8

The Greek word asthenēs means what?

Back 8

Weak

Front 9

The Asthenosphere is ___-___ km deep.

Back 9

100-650 km

Front 10

The lithosphere is elastic solid, and the Asthenosphere is ______ ______.

Back 10

Plastic solid

Front 11

Nearly 90% of the world's strongest earthquakes, and more than 80% of the strongest ones occur here.

Back 11

Pacific Ring of Fire

Front 12

Fractures or breaks in Earth's crust are called....

Back 12

Faults

Front 13

Occurs when there is movement or displacement of rock masses along a fault.

Back 13

Faulting

Front 14

*True or false*

There are 5 types of tectonic plates.

Back 14

False, only 3

Front 15

A type of tectonic force that pushes rocks in the crust to each other.

Back 15

Compressional Force

Front 16

A type of tectonic force which pulls crustal rocks away from each other.

Back 16

Tensional Force.

Front 17

A type of tectonic force which enables rocks in the crust to slide past each other.

Back 17

Shearing Force

Front 18

What type of fault is formed when a rock mass in the crust is pushed up relative to the other rock mass due to compressional force?

Back 18

Reverse fault

Front 19

What type of fault is formed when a tensional force acts on rock masses in the crust, and one rock mass moves downward relative to the other?

Back 19

Normal fault

Front 20

What type of fault is formed when a rock mass on one side of a fault slides past the other?

Back 20

Transform fault/Strike-slip fault

Front 21

Faults in which all shallow earthquakes occur.

Back 21

Active Faults

Front 22

Areas that have not displayed seismic activity for a long time. (Thousands of years)

Back 22

Inactive faults

*In spite of being inactive, these faults are believed to be able to produce strong earthquakes.*

Front 23

Which fault system is Cavite part of?

Back 23

West Valley Fault System

Front 24

Which is directly above the hypocenter/focus?

Back 24

Epicenter

Front 25

Pertains to the strength and size of an earthquake.

Back 25

Magnitude

Front 26

Magnitude is measured by what scale?

Back 26

The Richter Scale

Front 27

Measures the observed effects of an earthquake.

Back 27

Intensity

Front 28

Intensity is measured by what scale?

Back 28

Modified Mercalli Scale

Front 29

Series of huge waves caused by an earthquake that occurs underneath or near the ocean.

Back 29

Tsunami

Front 30

Tsunami is a Japanese term that means...

Back 30

“Harbor waves”

Front 31

*True or false*

Tsunamis and Tidal waves are the same thing.

Back 31

False, tidal waves are caused by the moon's gravity, unlike tsunamis.

Front 32

For an underwater earthquake to cause tsunamis, its magnitude should be over ____ on the Richter Scale.

Back 32

6.75

Front 33

The _________ phenomenon causes high-intensity underwater earthquakes that move a colossal volume of water.

Back 33

Subduction

Front 34

Released outward from the focus and travel horizontally and vertically in different directions across Earth's interior.

Back 34

Seismic waves

Front 35

*True or False*

Seismologists identified 4 types of seismic waves.

Back 35

True

Front 36

These waves travel across the earth's interior.

Back 36

Body waves

Front 37

Which 2 waves are classified as body waves?

Back 37

P- and S-waves

Front 38

The vibrations we feel when an earthquake strikes.

Back 38

Surface waves

Front 39

Which 2 waves are classified as Surface waves?

Back 39

L- and R-waves

Front 40

P-waves are also called what?

Back 40

Primary waves

Front 41

The seismic waves that are the first to be recorded by a seismograph.

Back 41

P-waves or Primary waves

Front 42

*True or False*

P-waves can only move through one medium.

Back 42

False. P-waves travel in all types of medium: solid, liquid, and gas.

Front 43

S-waves are also called what?

Back 43

Secondary waves

Front 44

The seismic waves that are the second to be detected by a seismograph.

Back 44

S-waves or Secondary waves

Front 45

S-waves only travel in ______ medium.

Back 45

Solid

Front 46

L-waves are also known as Love waves, named after who?

Back 46

Augustus Edward Hough Love

Front 47

*True of False*

L-waves are of high frequency.

Back 47

False. L-waves are of LOW frequency.

Front 48

The seismic waves that are the third to be detected by a seismograph.

Back 48

L-waves or Love waves

Front 49

R-waves are also known as?

Back 49

Rayleigh waves

Front 50

The slowest travelling seismic wave.

Back 50

R-waves

Front 51

Most destructive waves.

Back 51

Surface waves

Front 52

Used to detect, measure, and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes.

Back 52

Seismograph

Front 53

A seismograph produces what?

Back 53

Seismogram

Front 54

Scientists that study seismic waves.

Back 54

Seismologists

Front 55

On _____ observations, scientists have a direct hand in gathering data.

Back 55

Direct

Front 56

*Concept question*

It was found from the analysis of a seismogram that S-waves cannot travel into the inner core of the earth, even though P-waves are perfectly capable of it. Why is that?

Back 56

Because the outer core of the earth was discovered to be liquid. Since S-waves can only travel in solid mediums, it cannot even pass through the outer core, let alone the inner core. P-waves on the other hand, can travel in all medium, and passed through the core with no problems.

Front 57

The point at which an earthquake originates.

Back 57

Focus

Front 58

Determines the epicenter of an earthquake.

Back 58

Triangulation

Front 59

The troposphere begins from the surface up to a height of _ to __ km above sea level.

Back 59

7 to 20 km

Front 60

The department that monitors seismic activity.

Back 60

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

Front 61

Enumerate the three basic stages in the development of a tropical cyclone.

Back 61

Origin or Formative stage, Mature stage, and Dissipation stage.

Front 62

This stage pertains to the state in which a tropical cyclone begins to develop when the conditions for its formation are met.

Back 62

Formative stage

Front 63

The stage when a tropical cyclone is already packed with raging winds and swirling towering clouds.

Back 63

Mature stage

Front 64

The stage when it is weak and can disappear anytime with lack of moisture.

Back 64

Dissipation stage

Front 65

*True or False*

For a tropical cyclone to form, it needs large, still, and warm water.

Back 65

True

Front 66

The surface temperature needed for warm air to develop typically ranges from ___ to ___° Celsius.

Back 66

26 to 30° Celsius

Front 67

As warm air develops on the ocean's surface, it expands and rises to the atmosphere creating a.....

Back 67

Low-pressure area

Front 68

The force rendered by the Earth's rotation due to its tilted axis.

Back 68

Coriolis Force

Front 69

The Coriolis force affects the rising air from the surface to spiral around the center of the thick clouds, forming a vortex called ____.

Back 69

Eye or the “eye of the storm”

Front 70

*True or false*

The eye is an area of calm air.

Back 70

True

Front 71

For a tropical cyclone to survive, it needs what?

Back 71

A constant supply of warm water.

Front 72

What sector of the government is responsible for monitoring typhoons?

Back 72

PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

Front 73

If the winds of a typhoon are lower, or at 61 km/h, what is the classification?

Back 73

Tropical Depression

Front 74

If the winds of a typhoon are 62 to 88 km/h, what is the classification?

Back 74

Tropical storm

Front 75

If the winds of a typhoon are 89 to 117 km/h, what is the classification?

Back 75

Severe Tropical Storm

Front 76

If the winds of a typhoon are 118 to 184 km/h, what is the classification?

Back 76

Typhoon

Front 77

If the winds of a typhoon are 185 km/h or higher, what is the classification?

Back 77

Super Typhoon

Front 78

A mass of swirling towering clouds that carried surging winds and rainfalls.

Back 78

Tropical cyclone

Front 79

The Philippines is prone to earthquakes because of what?

Back 79

It's geographic location

Front 80

Surrounding the equator is the ____________, an area where tropical cyclones form.

Back 80

The ITCZ - Intertropical Convergence Zone

Front 81

PAGASA uses what term concerning the weather disturbances that periodically hit the country?

Back 81

PAR - Philippine Area of Responsibility

Front 82

*True or False*

Tropical cyclones that traverse the PAR follows a constant track or movement.

Back 82

False